Life and Works Essay -- Essays Papers

vitality and WorksWho is Leonardo Da Vinci?Leonardo had a keen eye and quick mind that conduct him to pass on important scientific discoveries, yet he never published his ideas. He was a gentle vegetarian who loved animals and despised war, yet he worked as a military engineer to invent advanced and deadly weapons. He was iodine of the greatest painters of the Italian Renaissance, yet he left only a handful of completed paintings. It may seem unusual to include Leonardo da Vinci in a list of paleontologists and evolutionary biologists. Leonardo was and is crush cognise as an artist, the creator of such masterpieces as the Mona Lisa, Madonna of the Rocks, and The Last Supper. Yet Leonardo was far more than a great artist he had one of the best scientific minds of his time. He made painstaking observations and carried out research in fields ranging from architecture and civil engineering to astronomy to anatomy and zoological science to geography, geology and paleontology. In th e words of his biographer Giorgio Vasari The most heavenly gifts seem to be showered on certain human beings. Sometimes supernaturally, marvelously, they all congregate in one individual. . . . This was seen and hold by all men in the case of Leonardo da Vinci, who had. . . an indescribable grace in every effortless act and deed. His talent was so high-minded that he mastered any subject to which he turned his attention. . . . He might have been a scientist if he had not been so versatile. Leonardos scientif... Life and Works Essay -- Essays PapersLife and WorksWho is Leonardo Da Vinci?Leonardo had a keen eye and quick mind that led him to make important scientific discoveries, yet he never published his ideas. He was a gentle vegetarian who loved animals and despised war, yet he worked as a military engineer to invent advanced and deadly weapons. He was one of the greatest painters of the Italian Renaissance, yet he left only a handful of completed paintings. It m ay seem unusual to include Leonardo da Vinci in a list of paleontologists and evolutionary biologists. Leonardo was and is best known as an artist, the creator of such masterpieces as the Mona Lisa, Madonna of the Rocks, and The Last Supper. Yet Leonardo was far more than a great artist he had one of the best scientific minds of his time. He made painstaking observations and carried out research in fields ranging from architecture and civil engineering to astronomy to anatomy and zoology to geography, geology and paleontology. In the words of his biographer Giorgio Vasari The most heavenly gifts seem to be showered on certain human beings. Sometimes supernaturally, marvelously, they all congregate in one individual. . . . This was seen and acknowledged by all men in the case of Leonardo da Vinci, who had. . . an indescribable grace in every effortless act and deed. His talent was so rare that he mastered any subject to which he turned his attention. . . . He might have been a scient ist if he had not been so versatile. Leonardos scientif...

Work Related stress Essays -- essays research papers

Fifty percent of workers have suffered some form of render at work in a 12-month period. The statistics in healthc atomic number 18 professions were even higher.Stress in the workplace is becoming a major concern for employers, managers and g overnment agencies, meaning the Occupational Health and Safety legislations are requiring employers to practice a duty of care by providing employees with safe working environments which also cover the psychological well-being of their staff.One of the costs, for employers, of work place stress is absenteeism. Other negative effects are reductions in productivity, reduced profits, accidents, high rates of sickness, increased workers comp. claims and high staff turnover, requiring recruiting and training of replacement staff.Now of variant it is natural to have a certain amount of stress, this is needed to motivate people into action, but prolonged stress can have a extensive impact on overall health which actually causes one to be in distres s. Most people dont realize it but over two- thirds of doctors visits are probably due to stress-related illnesses. Stress has been linked to headaches especially migraines, backaches, insomnia, cramps, elevated blood pressure, chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia and lowered resistance to infection. For women, stress is a keystone factor in hormonal imbalances resulting in menstrual irregularities, PMS, fibroids, endometriosis and fertility problems. Stress can also be a factor in the ontogenesis of almost all state...

The History of Computing :: Essays Papers

The History of ComputingIn 1842 Babbages Difference engine and the Analytical Engine Convinced his machine would benefit England, Babbage applied for and received one of the first government grants to build the residuum engine. Hampered by nineteenth century machine technology, price over runs, and the possibility his chief engineer was padding the bills, Babbage completed only a portion of the difference Engine before the government with drew its donjon in 1842, deeming the project worthless to science. Meanwhile Babbage had conceived of the idea of a more advanced analytical engine. In essence, this was a general-purpose ready reckoner that could add, subtract, multiply, and divide in automatic sequence at a rate of 60 additions per second. His 1833 design, which called for thousands of gears and drives, would cover the area of a football field and be provide by a locomotive engine. Babbage worked on this project until his death. In 1991 Londons Science Museum spent $600,000 to build a working model of the difference engine, using Babbages original plans. The result stands 6 feet high, 10 feet long, contains 4000 parts, and weighs 3 tons.The Honeywell 400 and the second Generation of Computers. The invention of the transistor signaled the start of the second contemporaries of computers (1959-1964). Transistorized computers were more powerful, more reliable, less expensive, and cooler to operate that their vacuum-tubed predecessors. Honeywell established itself as a major player in the second generation of computers. Burroughs, Univac, NCR, CDC, and Honeywell IBMs biggest competitors during the 1960s and early 1970s became as the BUNCH.The IBM system 360 and the third generation of computers. The third generation was characterized by computers built around integrated circuits. Of these, some historians knock over IBMs system 30 line of computers, introduced in 1963, the single most important innovation in the history of computers. System 360 was conc eived as a family of computers with upwards compatibility when a company outgrew one model it could move up to the next model without worrying about converting its data. System 360 and the other lines built around intergraded circuits do all previous computers obsolete, but the advantages were so grate that most users wrote the costs of conversion off as the price of progress. In the early 1960s, Dr thoms Kurtz and Dr. John Kemeny of Darmouth College began develoing a programming language that a beginner could learn and use quickly. Their work culminated in 1964 with BASIC.

Music and Media Can Be Detrimental to Children :: Argumentative Persuasive Essays

Music and Media Can Be Detrimental to Children Pargonnts will argue that other people are the reason their children are violent and usually take absolutely none of the blame, when in reality they should be taking a lot of the blame for violence among children. I study media as a whole, including television, radio, movies, video games, news, etc, can be very detrimental to society and leads to a lot of this violence among children with which we are dealing. I was always taught what goes in your head has to eventually come out, so shouldnt you put in only good stuff? Critics claim that music negatively affects teenagers by repeatedly exposing them to themes such(prenominal) as Satanism, substance roast, murder, suicide, and sexual violence, which may be heavily reinforced and normalized by the frequency of their portrayal (Youth and Violent Music). I telephone there are too many television shows that run between the hours of three and five in the afternoon, whi ch is when most children watch television, that make violence their of import theme. Also during those hours, there are music video countdowns playing on just about every channel to which you flip. The only things kids learn when they watch these videos is how to abuse their wives, how to shoot a gun at someone, how to violently deal with a bully at school, how to dress so sexy that all the boys will alike them, etc. Kids idolize anyone on television, especially if theyre a popular songwriter or singer. Most parents know that children imitate whatever they see and hear, so wouldnt you view if parents let them watch these over-sexy and violent videos that their children are going to want to look and act just like what theyre watching on television? Several major(ip) rap artists have been charged with violent crimes in real life, and many worry that their actions seemingly condone the violent messages in their music. Their celebrity status as well serves to glamorize their violent behavior (Youth and Violent Music). There are many cases dealing with the death of one or more children collect to them trying-out a move they watched on television that look real cool. Even if there was only one case, that would be one too many for me not to think we had taken a wrong turn somewhere.

Socioeconomic Class and the History of South Africa :: African Africa History

Socio sparing Class and the History of South Africa In any historical account gender, race, socioeconomic yr and many more issues are closely interwoven. In fact, to try and separate them would be not but onerous but also a loud task because the resulting account, although perhaps straightforward, would be at best only partial. However, when considering the history of Southern Africa, the most encompassing account would be that of socioeconomic class. The motives behind the historical events of Southern Africa have been strongly socioeconomic, even if the motives then evoked racial or gender based issues. Thus, if one had to choose a way to insure South African history, it should be socioeconomically. The motivation for colonization was economic. It eventually became more economically efficient for the Dutch East India Company (VOC) to build its own look than to continue trading with Africans on its way to Eastern Asia (Ross, 21). Dealings between settle rs and Africans were based on socioeconomics, whether the interaction was buying and selling cattle and sheep or a conflict over the amount of land that settlers were taking from the Xhosa. For Africans, using a large amount of land for grazing ones cattle was a symbol of high status because it meant that you had many cattle to graze and that you could protect a large amount of land (Ross, 22). The settlers invasion was an economic blow. Also, the Great Trek was caused because Afrikaaners felt that they did not have the socioeconomic status they desired. Their land was being divided into small pieces, so they decided it would be soften to go out and find other land than to continue to live as they were in the lower class. This was no mass movement of the Afrikaaner People, but only a number of small groups setting out to claim free land for themselves (Ross, 39). The wars between the Africans and Trekkers at these times were fought as the Africans realized that th ese people were advent to stay on their territory, and as the Trekkers realized that they would have to kill to keep the land they needed to secure wealth (Ross, 40).

Socioeconomic Class and the History of South Africa :: African Africa History

Socio economic Class and the History of South Africa In any diachronic account gender, race, socioeconomic associate and many more issues are closely interwoven. In fact, to try and separate them would be not only(prenominal) onerous but also a spurious task because the resulting account, although perhaps straightforward, would be at best only partial. However, when considering the history of Southern Africa, the most encompassing account would be that of socioeconomic class. The motives behind the historical events of Southern Africa have been strongly socioeconomic, even if the motives then evoked racial or gender based issues. Thus, if one had to choose a way to comprehend South African history, it should be socioeconomically. The motivation for colonization was economic. It eventually became more economically efficient for the Dutch East India Company (VOC) to build its own behavior than to continue trading with Africans on its way to Eastern Asia (Ro ss, 21). Dealings between settlers and Africans were based on socioeconomics, whether the interaction was buying and selling cattle and sheep or a conflict over the amount of land that settlers were taking from the Xhosa. For Africans, using a large amount of land for grazing ones cattle was a symbol of high status because it meant that you had many cattle to graze and that you could protect a large amount of land (Ross, 22). The settlers invasion was an economic blow. Also, the Great Trek was caused because Afrikaaners felt that they did not have the socioeconomic status they desired. Their land was being divided into small pieces, so they decided it would be better(p) to go out and find other land than to continue to live as they were in the lower class. This was no mass movement of the Afrikaaner People, but only a number of small groups setting out to claim free land for themselves (Ross, 39). The wars between the Africans and Trekkers at these times were fou ght as the Africans realized that these people were glide path to stay on their territory, and as the Trekkers realized that they would have to kill to keep the land they needed to secure wealth (Ross, 40).

Bank and Fidelity

In the ever changing banking industry, premier(prenominal) faithfulness Bancorp had grown to be one of the largest holding companies of eightsome monetary institutions and over 500 branches. Their growth has been through the acquisitions of other smaller institutions and internal growth generated by strong relationships with customers. This growth has come at a cost and prime(prenominal) fidelity has been left with a complicated mix of systems, operations, and organizational culture.First fidelity allowed the eight financial institutions to operate totally free-living of each other and the corporate office solely managed the integration of the financial reporting responsibilities. The non-integration of systems and operations has in addition left First Fidelity with higher cost and the need to raise changes which ordain allow them to be competitive in the future. By the early 1990s First Fidelity had begun to integrate some of the operational functions, but had yet to conn ect them further.Due to changes in banking regulation, the US government had begun cracking down on untested rules on financial reporting, asset quality, and superior requirements for the banks. The government wanted better controls from upper management and the only way First Fidelity could accomplish this was to integrate systems, management, and combine all eight financial institutions into a more consolidated with less autonomous feel. Management made this their highest priority and commit a strict deadline of 18 months on this task.This deadline put dickens major decisions directly ahead of First Fidelity, organizational structure and method of achieving the full integration. In order to evaluate the full impact of their decision on organizational structure changes, First Fidelity looked at the following criteria Cost Effectiveness Responsiveness to Business Needs Responsiveness to Individual Needs might to Standardize Products and Service Offerings Ability to Support Outsourcing Options Ability to Support Acquisitions Service/Quality Orientation/IncentivesWhile these criteria would decide what organizational structure First Fidelity would have, they also had to decide how the rationalization and consolidation plan should be conducted, internally, through the use of consultants, or through outsourcing. First Fidelity saw outsourcing as the to the highest degree viable solution to their problem and felt it would best serve the confederation by achieving the goals in the desired time frame. First Fidelity has recognized some(prenominal) capability outsourcing vendors and determined the advantages and disadvantages of each vendor.Their decision now must be to select the proper vendor who testament provide them non only with the operate needed to move them through the rationalization and consolidation process, but one which will provide quality services and cost savings to First Fidelity for years to come. Changes to Organizational Elements The major change First Fidelity will be forced to deal with is the change to their organizational structure and hierarchical relationships inside the firm. Prior to the rationalization plan, First Fidelity operated as eight separate financial institutions.Decisions were made independent from each other and there was no case-by-case person to oversee all operations from the holding company point of view. When Don Parcells was put in charge of all operations, and improvements were needed immediately, he put a plan in place to consolidate functions and make First Fidelity a more cost efficient organization. In order for this to flex a success, First Fidelity was going to first have to restructure their separate cultures into a single unified culture.Parcells was planning on consolidating the separate operations and systems which the eight banks used. To make this a success, all parties need to be thinking in the same direction and accepting of the upcoming changes. Parcells task of unifying First Fidelity under these same systems would not be a success if the current management did not understand the reasoning behind the changes and understand the enceinte picture of increased profits and long-term sustainability of First Fidelity. Current management would also be forced to deal with changes in management structure.This will eat the First Fidelity corporate office more control over the eight banks and ensure the banks operate in a consolidated manner in one case the initial changes are implemented. Systems Integration The importance of systems integration goes well beyond the cost efficiencies First Fidelity hopes to experience. The system changes will put one panorama on the eight financial institutions and will provide them with the ability to accomplish many of the goals mentioned before under the criteria for organizational structure changes.First Fidelity should also take this opportunity to take advantage of the best practices which can be found throu gh their analysis of their own internal operations and systems, external competitors, and the potential third parties they are analyzing for outsourcing opportunities. As the 25th largest bank holding company, First Fidelity has the potential to take advantage of improvements in technology. By decreasing their execution costs through technology, First Fidelitys high volume will allow them to take advantage of economies of scale.An integration of systems will also make First Fidelity a much more attractive candidate for merger activity. They will either be able to expand and make new acquisitions integrate more smoothly into the First Fidelity family, or make themselves more attractive as an acquisition target. Outsourcing at First Fidelity First Fidelity is in a very difficult situation. The short time period in which First Fidelity has to turn around its operations and systems does not ffer First Fidelity many options. They are seeking a simple solution to a problem which should h ave been addressed a decade front when they had begun merging the banks under one holding company. When considering the use of outsourcing, businesses should not rush this decision and should analyze what functions and how important these functions are to the business. As a general rule, consequence functions should not be outsourced to third party vendors.Only non-core functions should be considered, and only when significant cost savings will be made and the vendor offers a long-term, high quality service which will not have a negative impact on the customers of the outsourcing firm. First Fidelity needs to consider whether their systems and operations are part of their non-core functions and will truly add value through cost savings. Long Term Implications of First Fidelity Decision First Fidelitys decision to outsource will have long term implications on the future of their banking operations.When First Fidelity began investigating the decision to outsource in 1990, one import ant variable would be the future of banking and which technologies would be the future of bank operations. The upcoming jump in the use of technology in banking will have a major impact on the systems necessary to be successful in banking. This offers even greater risk for outsourcing, since First Fidelity will be giving up much of their control of their technology.The Decision and Future of First Fidelity. First Fidelity did decide to use EDS as the company which will handle their software systems and data center operations. The contract was valued at $450 million over ten years and was considered the largest outsourcing contract for financial institutions at that point in time. In 1996, First Fidelity merged with First Union, in what was then considered one of the largest mergers in the banking industry, and made First Union an fearful force in banking along the east coast of the United States.One of the major factors for the merger was to add additional economies of scale to Fir st Unions operations and to decrease the high costs of technology which banks were experiencing. First Fidelitys decision to integrate their systems in 1990 came at an integral point in time for the bank holding company. It provided them with cost savings and made them a strong acquisition target by un-complicating their systems and making their operations more efficient.

Disengagement Theory Essay

This is when a person, usually an older person, withdraws from involvement or when someones relationships with early(a) people slowly decoct off or change. Older people whitethorn withdraw from involvement when they feel they be limited to try and interact with other people. It has been attemptd that a lot of older people were more(prenominal) involved with life when they were younger however some people disagree and feel there are a large number of people who do not withdraw from society. For example when they retire they may lose contact with a lot of their colleagues or if they or their friends/family have impairments such as hearing or visual impairments it could make it more difficult to interact with each other. Technology may also dispose older people as they may not have internet or phones to be able to interact with their friends and family. Activity TheoryThis theory highlights the greatness of on-going social activity and believes older people should be encour ripen d to substantiation involved whilst suggesting that people allow for be more satisfied with their comprises if they remain dynamical as well as ensuring friendships and relationships are intact by interacting with others just the same. It also suggests that someone who remains an active member of society will sum up their health and wellbeing and that own-age friendships should be developed. The only criticism of this theory is that some people are more than happy as they are and want to live alone not to mention the fact that not everyone is able to be as active as they would like.As you screwing see, these theories are completely polar in comparison to one and other. One suggests as you get older you will withdraw from society and become unhappy whereas the other suggests you can stay happy and active if you want to and that you just need to remain in contact with varied roles in society. If you follow the disengagement theory you are more likely to end up unhappy or lone ly as your mental and even physical health may go on to degenerate through lack of activity or interaction with the outside world and friends or family. On the other hand the activity theory promotespositivity by encouraging the elderly to communicate and interact with others no matter what their situation. This theory suggests that the more active you are in society, the less chance you have of evolution mental health problems such as dementia and that there is a higher chance of prolonging your life and staying healthy. This is be agent the more you interact with people, the less time you will have on your own feeling lonely or depressed as your mind will be busy with positive and happy thoughts instead. on that point are many different factors that influence ageing and each factor may have a different effect on how the person may age. The main factors would be the personal level of exercise and nutrition in life, health care and education accessibility as well as product line roles and finances.Exercise and nutrition, especially from an early age can have a huge impact on how you age later on in life. It is cognize that premature ageing is caused by a poor diet and little exercise as this causes cell destruction and increases the risk of obesity, diabetes and cancer. A healthy modus vivendi can help lower the chances of many illnesses and diseases as well as improving your psychological health, for example the healthier and active you are the more friends and activities you are likely to have to keep you happy and in touch with the world. Health care and education accessibility may also influence the way you age as poorer health care and education facilities may lead to poor health and stress which can affect the way you age and even cause premature ageing Similarly with job roles and finances a higher job role and income can mean a relegate life with better nutrition, exercise, health care and education helping to lead a more pleasurable life and caus e slower ageing. Social isolation and bereavement can also take its toll on ageing as the upset and strain can lead you to age a lot quicker and aroma a lot older than you are due to the body and mind shutting down to try to relieve the stress.The main role for all health and social care take shapeers is to treat and care for undivideds whilst respecting their independence and wellbeing whether they are old, young, male, female, disabled etc. Every individualist should have the same rights and independence whilst winning into consideration that not everyone will have the same needs and some may need more attention or care than others. Although granting immunity is Copernican to the individual the health and social care worker must be aware of the extent of the independence to be given to the individual ensuring they are saved against any potential risks or dangers.Independence can be promoted in several different ways, such asRespecting personal rights and privacy.Giving the individual freedom of choice (where possible).Allowing the individual to carry out actions for their selves, for example letting them wash themselves (where possible).Addressing the individual appropriately and by their preferred name.Using initiative to care for the individual to show genuine care and trust.Involving the individual and their family when making changes to care plans etc.It is important for health and social care workers to address the individual properly as it gives the individual a sense of comfort and trust that the staff will care and respect them. Thinking outside of the box and using initiative when working with the individual will make them feel at ease that you are not just at work to work but at work to care for them as an individual instead of a patient. A great bond and trust between staff and patients is vital. Involving the individual and family with care plans, meal plans and other changes will make them feel valued and that they are in the best hands as it can sometimes be upsetting to both the individual and family when someone they love is reliant on others to care for them. They can feel upset that they are no longer capable of looking after themselves and so the care from the staff can really make a difference. The patients freedom of choice is also very important as if the patient was constantly told what to they were to do without any say they could end up upset or depressed and may even question their existence and feel worthless.Somechoices may not always be appropriate or possible so this means the staff must be trained and taught how to overcome these situations especially against patients that may prove a little difficult. Health and social care workers must work together to give all patients the best care possible. This means regular meetings with different levels of staff in the hierarchy so every staff member is kept in the loop to ensure patients feel valued and cared for, especially those with no family or friend s. Regular training sessions may also be required so that the staff is updated regularly on how to approach certain situations with others sharing their fellowship and knowledge to everyone in the group.

Assessment Of For And As Learning Essay

appraisal of scholarship refers to strategies designed to confirm what disciples know, demonstrate whether or not they baffle met curriculum extinctcomes or the goals of their individualized programs, or to certify proficiency and happen upon decisions virtually students future programs or placements. It is designed to provide evidence of achievement to p arnts, other educators, the students themselves, and sometimes to outside groups (e. g. , employers, other educational institutions). Assessment of ontogeny is the judging that becomes public and results in statements or symbols about how well students argon listening.It often contributes to pivotal decisions that will affect students futures. It is important, then, that the underlying system of logic and measurement of legal opinion of acquirement be credible and defensible. Teachers Roles in Assessment of cultivation Beca wont the consequences of surveyment of filling are often far-reaching and affect students ser iously, teachers have the tariff of reporting student reading accurately and fairly, based on evidence obtained from a variety of contexts and applications.Effective assessment of discipline requires that teachers provide?a principle for undertaking a particular assessment of learning at a particular point in time ?clear descriptions of the intended learning ?processes that make it possible for students to demonstrate their competence and skill ?a range of alternative mechanisms for assessing the same outcomes ?public and defensible reference points for making judgments ?Transparent approaches to interpretation ?descriptions of the assessment process ?strategies for recourse in the event of disagreement about the decisions With the help of their teachers, students can look forward to assessment of learning tasks asoccasions to taper their competence, as well as the depth and breadth of their learning.ASSESSMENT FOR LEARNING Assessment for learning focuses on engaging students i n classroom assessment in support of their own learning and informing teachers about what to do next to help students to progress. Assessment for learning is assessment for improvement not assessment for account capability as can be the case with summative assessments (Stiggins, 2002). The keys to Assessment for Learning (AFL) is to use a variety of assessment tools and methods in order to provide current evidence to students, teachers and parents that demonstrates howwell each student is mastering the identified outcomes.This evidence is used to provide descriptive feedback to the students and to en adequate to(p) the teacher to differentiate the instruction to playact the needs of individual students or groups. ASSESSMENT FOR LEARNING VS. ASSESSMENT OF LEARNING Gregory, Cameron, and Davies (1997) outline some distinct differences between Assessment for Learning and Assessment of Learning. Educators are using these terms to help distinguish between the teachers destiny as a le arning coach versus the teachers role of judging the extent of a students achievement in relation to an established standard.This assessment is considered summative and is done at the end. 1. Assessment for learning is the big deal, while assessment of learning is the done deal. 2. Assessment for learning is formative, while assessment of learning is summative. 3. Assessment for learning is supportive, while assessment of learning measures. 4. Assessment for learning uses descriptions, while assessment of learning uses scores. 5. Assessment for learning happens day by day, moment by moment, while assessment of learning happens at the end.The assertion is that neither one is better than the other, but both need to be used within astudents learning so that the student is able to understand not only the work that is being asked of them, but also how their own learning occurs. Assessment for learning is intended to be both diagnostic and formative to help students improve their learnin g. Four critical questions that the teacher must ask when planning for assessment for learningWHY AM I ASSESSING? If the purport of assessment is to enhance student learning teachers use assessment for learning to uncover what students believe to be true and to learn more about the connections students are making, their prior cognition, preconceptions, gaps, and learning styles.This information is used to inform and differntiate instruction to build on what students already know and to challenge students when their are problems inhibiting progression to the next stages of learning. Teachers use this information to provide their students with descriptive feedback that will further their learning and not as a sumamtive assessment or to report a grade. WHAT AM I ASSESSING? Assessment for learning requires ongoing assessment of the outcomes that comprise the intended learning. In most cases these are the curriculum outcomes.Teachers create assessments that willexpose students thinking and skills in relation to the intended learning, and the common preconceptions. WHAT ASSESSMENT METHOD SHOULD I USE? When planning assessment for learning, the teacher must think about what assessment is designed to expose, and must decide which assessment approaches are most likely to give detailed information about what each student is thinking and learning. The methods need to combine a variety of ways for students to demonstrate their learning.For example, having students complete tasks orally or through and through visual representation allow those who are strugglingwith reading or writing to demonstrate their learning. HOW CAN I USE THE INFORMA%ON? The information collected in assessment for learning is used to report to the student and by offering descriptive, on time feedback and to provide the teacher with information to allow for changes in instruction for individual students or groups of students. ASSESSMENT AS LEARNING Assessment as learning occurs when students are th eir own assessors.Students monitor their own learning, ask questions and use a range of strategies to decide what they know and can do, andhow to use assessment for new learning. Assessment as learning ?encourages students to take responsibility for their own learning ?requires students to ask questions about their learning ?involves teachers and students creating learning goals to encourage growth and development ?provides ways for students to use formal and informal feedback and self-assessment to help them understand the next steps in learning ?encourages peer assessment, self-assessment and reflection. ROLES This assessment model supports the view of instantlys learners as alive(p)ly involved in the learning process.Students are educated on the usance of assignments and the outcomes they are trying to achieve. Hence the teacher and the student both have critical roles in understanding learning outcomes and modifying learning in Assessment as Learning. Teacher Ensuring assessm ent methods are appropriate and the purpose is clear to students ensures quality and fair assessment practices as per the Principles for Fair Student Assessment in Canada (1993). Beyond choosing the learning outcomes to be covered, the activities to follow and the assessment methods, in Assessment as Learning, the teacher engages the students in this process.In Assessment as Learning, the teacher is a guide, Giving them students the tools to undertake their own learning wisely and well. (WNCP, p. 42) Students learn to monitor their own learning and make adaptations as required. In addition to monitor learning and guiding instruction through assessment for learning, the teacher is assessing the students ability to assess themselves as they learn how to assess their own learning. Teachers can follow the following model in order to practice Assessment as Learning in their classroom (adapted from WNCP, p. 42-43) 1. Discuss the learning outcomes with the students.2. Create criteria with the students for the various tasks that need to be completed and/or skills that need to be learned or know 3. Provide feedback to students as they learn and ask them guiding questions to help them monitor their own learning 4. Help them set goals to extend or support their learning as needed in order to stand or fully meet the expectations 5. Provide reference points and examples for the learning outcomes Teachers are also responsible for ensuring that students have a learning environment in which they feel comfortable and safe to learn as well as have ample time to commit what is beingtaught.Student Beyond completing the tasks assigned to them by their teacher, students move from the passive learner to an active owner of their own learning. Initially, with teacher guidance and tools, students learn to monitor if they have understood the learning outcome being explored and the metacognitive process. Once the metacognitive skills have been acquired, students can independently adj ust their learning accordingly and demonstrate the self-reflection, self- monitoring and self-adjustment. (WNCP, 2006, p. 85) Extensive and relevant modeling in the questions below can help students reach this point1. What is the purpose of learning these concepts and skills? 2. What do I know about this content? 3. What strategies do I know that will help me learn this? 4. Am I understanding these concepts? 5. What are the criteria for improving my work? 6. Have I accomplished the goals I set for myself? What is self-assessment? According to Boud (1995), all assessment including self-assessment comprises two main elements making decisions about the standards of performance expected and then making judgments about the quality of the performance in relation to these standards.When self-assessment is introduced, it should ideally involve students in both of these aspects. Andrade and Du (2007) provide a helpful definition of self-assessment that focuses on the formative learning tha t it can promote Self-assessment is a process of formative assessment during which students reflect on and evaluate the quality of their work and their learning, judge the degree to which they reflect explicitly stated goals or criteria, identify strengths and weaknesses in their work, and revise accordingly (2007, p. 160). EXAMPLES OF SELF-ASSESSMENT Self-assessment can take many forms, including?writing conferences ?discussion (whole-class or small-group) ?reflection logs ?weekly self-evaluations ?self-assessment checklists and inventories ?teacher-student interviews These types of self-assessment share a common theme they ask students to review their work to determine what they have learned and what areas of confusion still exist. Although each method differs slightly, all should admit enough time for students to consider thoughtfully and evaluate their progress. When students understand the criteria for good work before they begin a literacy activity, they are more likely to me et those criteria.The key to this understanding is to make the criteria clear. As students evaluate their work, you may want them to set up their own criteria for good work. Help them with the clarity of their criteria as they assess their own work. Students observations and reflections can also provide valuable feedback for refining your instructional plan. As your students answer questions about their learning and the strategies they use, think about their responses to find out what they are really learning and to see if they are learning what you are training them. K-W-L (KNOW, WANT TO KNOW, LEARNED) CHART.K-W-L (Ogle, 1986) is an instructional reading strategy that is used to guide students through a text. Students begin by brainstorming everything they Know about a topic. This information is recorded in the K column of a K-W-L chart. Students then draw a list of questions about what they Want to Know about the topic. These questions are listed in the W column of the chart. Du ring or after reading, students answer the questions that are in the W column. This new information that they have Learned is recorded in the L column of the K-W-L chart. Purpose The K-W-L strategy serves several purposesElicits students prior knowledge of the topic of the text. ?Sets a purpose for reading. ?Helps students to monitor their comprehension. WHY IS IT IMPORTANT? Donna Ogle asserts that KWL helps students become better readers of expository text and helps teachers to be more interactive in their teaching (Ogle, 1987). KWL charts help students to be active thinkers while they read (Carr & Ogle, 1987), giving them specific things to look for and having them reflect on what they learned when they are finished reading. In learning, metacognition involves the active monitoring and conscious control and regulationof cognitive processes.It involves thinking about thinking, self-awareness, and self-regulation (Flavell, 1979). The metacognitive strategy of self-questioning is use d to ensure that students comprehend the text. When students set their own purposes for reading, they are more motivated and active as readers. Each student has a schema, or a framework for how they view the world. Accessing a students prior knowledge is the first step in integrating new concepts into their existing schema. KWL charts help activate background knowledge and provide an opportunity for students to set their own learning objectives.

Development of Social and Emotional Identity

The interview was conducted with an adolescent 18 year-old sophomore at a Alternative Education Program troped Phil (fictitious name for confidentiality). Phil was a senior athlete, majored in English and was on the honor roll. The interviewer asked the question, How would you describe yourself, Phil sat up straight and stated that he had some problems during his elementary, middle and risque school because of his choice of peers some who smoked marijuana. Phil denies any psychiatric illness during this time. Phil relates that at the age of three, he struggled with his p arnts and siblings over autonomy issues, although his parents were very involved in his academic goals. The first years of school are an important if not critical arena time for favorable, identity and conflict-management skills. Gibbs, J.T., (1987)Phil stated as hockey work began, he had a f each(prenominal)ing out with his teammates due to a girl he was dating which was a peers ex-girlfriend. Phil relates that he realized affectionate acceptance from his peers to be very important at this time. Phil stated feeling intense negative feelings from his teammates had leaded him to withdrawal. Phil states that being an unpopular student make him react in ways that are inappropriate to the situation he tried to join other(a)s by calling attention to himself, talking about other students, inserting his own opinions and feelings and asking informational questions just to fit in with people. In Phils sophomore year, he realized that he had to make accurate judgments about the social competence of his peers.When asked the question How important is popularity at school? Phil stated that popularity is a measure of a students social standing with peers. Studies that include notice of elementary, middle and game school student in the classroom and in the playground show that popular students have specific positive qualities that appeal to peers (and to their teachers, too) Gibbs, J.T., (1987). Phil similarly stated, The students are people who value other people and know their own value to other people. Students are sought out as friends, and actively prove others out for friendship (Phil, 2010)Phil, he states that social side can change at the drop of a baseball cap, such as the popular students are well liked by many children ( and adults), disliked by few, and they have randyly close, long-lasting one-to-one friendships with peers. These students make friends easily and well, and they keep them. Their friendships are snug and satisfying. Phil mentioned that he realized what he had been through and the sad truth is, once a student in elementary, middle and high school is rejected, because of their social status seems to be more a matter of default than the product of a specific behavior style. He goes on to say, if one thing has become assimilate it is that social emotional and identity status becomes a self-fulfilling prophecy. (Phil, 2010)For most teenagers, adolesce nce is a time of fast growth physically, mentally, emotionally and socially. This period is mark by development a sense of identity, self-esteem, and relationships with peers (Reference here). Although teens may experience new encounters and abilities during this period, it also can be painful as they try to make sense of the world and their tush in it.Phil went on to say that in some students, the hyperawareness of social performance can bring on social anxiety and insecurity and shyness symptoms, as well a new image of themselves as shy and eager around others. In addition to Phils statement, he replied that the emphasis on emotional control of middle and high school students gives way to mature social problem solving in which emotion and social reasoning become integrated. increase maturity also brings the ability to make finer distinctions in the social behavior and acceptability of their peers (Phil, 2010).As the interview culminates, Phil mentions that even if victimized ele mentary, middle and high school students change the way they are with peers, they will not become popular overnight. It takes time to change negative reputation among peers. Phil states that increasing the social opportunities of all students, and those who have been victimized would help individual outcomes. Troubled children and students need to experience positive social interactions that can benefit many aspects of their lives (Phil, 2010).

Professional nursing boundaries Essay

Nurses known as a cargongiver and provide close family relationship not only mingled with affected role of and the hospital but withal for new(prenominal) healthcare profession such as bushels and assistant medical police officer and also between communities. Their services are very important and therefore they performing heart in the medical and healthcare service provision in Malaysia.Due to the rapidly changing in Malaysia healthcare environment, the guards are required to provide care through their extended roles and provide services rendered by other healthcare overlord in order to complement the health service to the population. Therefore, Malaysian values down become aware for legal and ethical issues that find wedge on their pr doise and recognised the importance of trust that vex legal and ethical principle thus promoting competency and decision making.In Malaysia itself, most of the study population still choose to get treatment from government. It is becau se government hospital provides good quality service in healthcare, provide an advances technologies, provide skilled provide, school equipment beside the cheapest service that they get. In the healthcare service nowadays, professional boundaries are important issues and have been a quite popular topic. Basically, if we search an internet pertaining to professional boundaries we eer often get the result are brinyly about interactions between treasures and patient or node. fit to College of Registered Nurse of British Columbia (no date), urged that within the absorb and client relationship, the client relationship are often vulnerable because the foster has influenced, access to information, and specialized acquaintance and skill. If the nurse does not use her judgement cautiously they tend to misused their power.2(wrds count 263)Like other health care service, nurses layabout cause harm to patient if they do not full necessitate their needs. To provide a safest care to pa tient, nurses must know the concepts of professional boundaries. This boundary also outlined as a professional relationship are sacramental manduction or gave other profession or nurse their work based on cooperation and team work among them. Professional boundaries in breast feeding are defined as limits which protect the space betweenthe professionals power and the clients vulnerability stated by (Nursing & Midwifery Board of Australia, 2010 p1). However, also quoted by Nursing and Midwifery Council (no date, p1) that boundaries in nursing also define as the limits of behaviour which allow a nurse or midwife to have a professional relationship with a person in their care. Within this assignment I intend to explore the problem encountered in both(prenominal) relationship and professional boundaries between the perioperative nurse and the general anaesthesia nurse (GA nurse).This assignments objective are also to gain knowledge and experience between the Ga nurse and perioperativ e nurse. I am a trained staff nurse currently work as a general anaesthetic nurse for virtually 10 years in the tertiary hospital situated in Kota Kinabalu. I have my institutionalise staple fibre in advance diploma of anaesthesia after I finish my 1 year course in anaesthesia field. I noticed that there is a boundary in my oeuvre between the perioperative nurse and the general anaesthesia nurses, the boundaries are mainly traditional boundaries. But even though the work task is different but the main purpose is for patient safety and quality of work.Basically perioperative nurse are working in the operate theatre.Their roles are to assist surgeon in unhomogeneous surgical procedure, and also helping patient comfortable before surgery. Scope of perioperative work also widening by helping patient after and post operatively. This nurse helps the smoothness of the surgical procedure. A scrub nurse and circulating nurse is specially trained nurse who work with surgeon in the in o peration(p) room. most of our scrub nurse and circulating nurse are very experienced, skilful nurses and most of them already had their advance diploma in perioperative nursing. In my workplace I identified a traditional blurred boundaries pertaining to my practice area. The blurred boundaries are identified in some operating room setting between the circulating nurse and general anaesthesia nurse. In my workplace the general anaesthesia nurse will be allocate in each of operating room setting.The general anaesthesia nurse will assists the anaesthesia doctor during the induction of anaesthesia, giving medication, setting intravenous line, anchoring endotracheal tube also to keep patient calm and safe before the induction of anaesthesia. Normally, the GA nursetends to have an advance training in anaesthesia such as certificate in anaesthesia where we will get after 1 year attend post basic in anaesthesia. In Malaysia, we had to have the certificate before we can work in the operatin g theatre as a GA nurse. As quoted by Lukosius et al (2004, p523), to be a good nurse in practice, the organization must have legislation and protected titles for clinical nurse specialist, nurse midwives, and nurse anaesthetist, so they can work according to their shopworn practice.Working in the operating room is about team work among the various types of healthcare such as nurses, assistant medical officer, surgeon, anaesthetic doctor and also hospital attendance. Each of them plays their roles in the operating theatre by providing service direct and indirectly. This team work among the health care services are the strength of all organizations but the boundaries within this working area a still been taking care and are respected. Blurred boundaries that I identified continue in my workplace are due to some problem such as deficit of staff and because of an ineffective inter-professional working. The Ga nurse and the perioperative nurse have tried to worked together and share task based on common practice or skill, but the job description are still run unclear. Both of them are still not understands about their placing parameters.Because of the unclear job description and not understanding the role ambiguity is created and misunderstanding can arise. As quoted by Rushmer et al (2005,p.80) said, when the limits (boundaries) of sharing are ignored, nothing is clear and certainty is lost, the ability of collaboration to prepare realistically for their work together is g whizz where one of the parties ends up doing all the work, or all the unpleasant parts of the work. Miers et al (2009) revealed, that the nurses are key to the success of inter-professional team. The effective of inter-professional also mentioned in the NMC codification of conduct (2008), where the competencies that set by a mentor able to maintained professional boundaries and coordinate learning in an working environment and in an inter-professional working.Because shortage of staff espec ially nurses, some of the general anaesthesianurse are need to cover more than one operating room at the alike time. When GA nurse are needed in the other operating room, the circulating nurse who worked in that particular operating room will had to act as a GA nurse. At the other hand GA nurse also can act as a circulating nurse when the job is compromised. As stated in NMC code of conduct (no date), a nurse had to have advance skilled as well as increase knowledge. Even though the circulating nurse does not have experience and skill as a GA nurse, it is they responsibilities to learn and gain knowledge and skill as a GA nurse. In Malaysia Nursing code of conduct (1998.p2), quoted that nurses are responsibilities and accountability for her owns nursing judgement and action.When delegating work, the nurse anticipate accountable for the work done and appropriate supervision and support and guidance to be given to her. The circulating nurse needs to be supervised and drill by the s enior nurse who had the experienced or qualified as a GA nurse before she act and helped as a GA nurse. Also quotes by Nursing and Midwifery council (no date), nurses must al modalitys be aware of their limits and ability and role boundaries, acknowledge their professional limitation and make accountable for their decision making and ability to work in a safe and effective manner. This is reflected in the following paragraph of the Code of Conduct (2008), which states that the nurse must have the knowledge and skill for safe and effective practice when working without direct supervision, recognise and work within limit, keep knowledge up to date and take part in learning and practice that maintain and develop your performance and competencies.Although the nurses considering working in the berth not related to their job, they have to fulfilled their task even though their do not have required registerable in that possess. For example although a registered nurse may work in operating theatre as a GA nurse or circulating nurse, they must not necessary to have a post basic course and qualified anaesthesia course. The environment also influenced the role of professional boundaries in my workplace. The nurses who work in operating theatre are abiding by nursing policies and regulations. In the operating theatre we also have our standard of practice called standard operating procedure where all thenurses will follow the standard of practice procedure while performing their job.According to Brown (1998), Read (1999), Hamric (2000), Styles & Lewis (2000) cited in Lukosius et al (2004, p522), quotes that environment influence the development boundary in nursing roles, including work environment, policies and procedure, scope of practice, work schedule and work practice can influence the new roles in nursing practice. Creating boundaries is a good way to keep professional relationship among the GA nurse and the perioperative nurse. The professional relationships are bas ed on trust, respect, meeting the need of client and the appropriate use of power. According to National Council of State Boards of Nursing (no date) quotes, that the power of a nurses comes from his/her professional position. According to Retzklf (2012), when nurses show respect to each other, professional task, patient safety and nurse feeling of being part of the team are improved. However study has done by Lowe et al (2013), he suggest that once other staff familiar with the task given and their role, they are more comfortable working with other colleagues.Convesly, when nurse do not acknowledge of each other, competence or disregard their suggestion , unhealthy competitive attitudes can develop, colleagues can began to mistrust each other and the nurses can lose their interest in the nursing profession. Most nurses are aware of of blurring boundaries in professional practice but they still need to touch other professional discipline with permission and with clear steering due to the role uncertainty and role ambiguity. As quotes by Alberta Association of registered nurse (2005, p.3),that a registered nurse in any role can understand that professional boundaries are respected by applying the following guideline to their nursing practice as appropriate for their role. This happen in my workplace where the perioperative nurse and the Ga nurse will work according to our nursing practice standards.Health providers can choose to change or develop new disciplinal boundaries after identified new areas of work according to their interest of work such as an advance practitioners nurse in anaesthesia or as a clinical nurse to gain more knowledge and skill in their own field. According to Chang et al (2011,p3), that the advance practice nurse position is a result of changing healthcareneeds and positive effects from this new roles have been widely document, improve patient out came and increased patient satisfaction. But in Malaysia there are still challenges in d eveloping and implementing of advance practice nurse role. I hope there will be implement in the future. However, according to Witz (1992) cited in Nancarrow et al (2005) revealed his theory working in workforce in four direction diversification, specialization, horizontal substitution and steep substitution allow any healthcare provider to change their disciplinary boundaries and identified a new areas of work.Boundaries are important in successful professional project. It is good to have boundaries among health care workers but it is has to be in the positive way and within limits. Boundaries are also important for staff public assistance , staff can develop wider expertise, gain knowledge of the new role and skills, contribute actively to new development, provide cross over and for effective client service.

Complex play Essay

The title of the play, The Crucible is significant as a crucible is a pot in which metals are melted down in order to purify them. moth miller is suggesting that the play is concerned by a purging by fire, a form of cleansing. This is a metaphor for sacred improvements as the result of exposure to great strain. One of the central themes of the play is the spiritual development of John keep an eye on. It is a powerful and complex play.All of the bring through takes place indoors and it is very sombre, simplistic and it emphasises the lifestyle of the puritans and it echoes the chlaustrophobic atmosphere of the play. The play focuses on ordinary people in extraordinary circumstances. In the play Miller is discussing the forces of fell. In the attempt to stamp out evil there is certainly a degree of irony. The irony in this play is that evil and tragedy really arises from the runions of the misguided and over zealous characters such as Danforth and Parris and to a certain extent Hale, who became amenable for deaths, misery and cruelty.Miller is suggesting that humans are vulnerable to evil and he aims to head that the evil generated in Salem was through a combination of circumstances for which no one person could be held wholly responsible but yet none were guilt free. Miller has said that it was Abigails role in the events of the play that awakened his interest in the whole story, however, his interposition of her is controlled although is not dispassionate in any way.She is a sensual adolescent and she is very flattered by Proctors attention to her while at the same time tries to inter it. Abigail has many motives for causing the trouble that she does, one of which is her hostility towards Elizabeth, John Proctors wife, but this is by no means her only motive. A high spirited sensation of mischief and the way which she controls her friends gives her enjoyment and is influential and although the point is not stressed, the violent nature of her parents deaths have unsettled her.Abigails actions are also intriguing, right from act 1 she is causing a stir in Salem, when Betty awakens and cries out, Abigail tries to bully and threaten them into keeping quiet, later(prenominal) in this act, when Tituba and Abigail are being interrogated, she starts calling out name of devil worshippers. In act 2 we find out more about Abigails relationship with the Proctors, they discuss give outing that Abigail is a fraud and reveal how she was thrown out when Elizabeth found out about her affair with John. The rag doll was also another plot by Abigail to cause more trouble, she uses it to show that Elizabeth practices witchcraft.So when the rag doll is discovered with a needle in it after Abigail stabs herself, it is a bad sign. The taking away of Elizabeth and the anger of John Proctor are all adverse affects of Abigails troublesome actions and Proctor decides to declare his adultery in court and to denounce Abigails lies, the consequences of t his may be grievous for him. Abigail also leads the accusations of witchcraft and by this point Elizabeth knows that Abigail probably name her in revenge for being dismissed and also to get John Proctor for herself.Cheever later arrives to clarify the fact that Elizabeth has been named, by Abigail. Francis Nurse tries to explain to the court that it is being deceived by Abigail and the other girls. In act 3 as Abigail acts entering a trance and the pitch of hysteria rises, Proctor has had enough and denounces Abigail as a whore, revealing his adultery and therefore jeopardising his integrity and honour. In act 4, Abigail and Mary rabbit warren steal i 30, a very large amount at the time and run away, in order to avoid the revealing of them being frauds.Tituba is an enkindle device used by Miller, she is mysterious, perhaps theatrical, and our lack of knowledge of her creates more mystery and intrigue, we know that she is a Barbadan slave for Reverend Parris who was taken from Barb ados to come with them the Parriss. This is reusable to Miller, because Tituba does not need to have an identity, she is just used for a few themes, one is the dancing that occurs in the woods, instigated by Tituba, and later her confessions to dealings with the Devil.

Digital Advertising

digital market uses the Internet and information applied science to extend and improve traditional marketing functions. The science of digital marketing is about technology that delivers, measures and serves campaigns and messages to the right people at the right time. Reach is a simple but powerful criterion for success in marketing. Digital advertising refers to any(prenominal) advertising that is created and displayed using computer technology primarily based around the World Wide Web. Digital advertising is an important part of the digital marketing business.Digital advertising is very important for brands that seek to communicate and engage with their customers, especially when speaking in terms of purchase decision making and brand perception. In marketing, time spent with an advert is an important measure. There is a clear connection between the amount of time a user spends actively winning with an online advert and a consumers subsequent behavior with that brand. It is no w recognized that the web, e-mail and sms atomic number 18 part of everyday life. Digital advertising provides a richer and nigher relationship with consumers. Digital advertising replaces disruption with engagement.Since many digital users are active, any response to a digital advert is almost always immediate. Digital advertising communicates with consumers in real time. Online advertising has plow a very powerful tool for marketing over the last few years. Since the Internet has become a more popular form of entertainment than television for the younger generation, the use of digital advertising as entertainment as well as a platform to sell products has been a major success of advertising on the Internet. Ad operations are generally understood to be the tangled set of tasks that happen between online display advertising sales and billing.It is the technical and administration details that have to be put in place to befool campaigns go live, run smoothly and deliver. It is t he prerequisite for an effective online ad sales business. Some of the main areas of expertise within ad operations are trafficking, originative testing, creative development, optimization, inventory forecasting, yield management and reporting. There are massive risks and costs associated with bad ad operations. One of the most visible impacts of bad ad operations is the creation of organizational noise and chaos.Late creative input, bad communication and missing paperwork creates a lot of internal stress and also impacts negatively on the consumer satisfaction of advertisers. The commercial impact is under delivery, non- compliance and discrepancies. The under delivery of a campaign can certainly be mitigated by a good ad ops team even though it cannot always be prevented. It is possible to reduce under delivery and under billing of campaigns by supervise delivery throughout the campaign and clearly communicating technical specifications to agency contacts. The aim of good ad ops is to prevent discrepancies before they occur.Investigate them extensively and resolve them if they occur. When ad ops team dont follow best practice guidelines discrepancies occur. The commercial impact of this is calculated by % campaigns with discrepancies x average discrepancy rate x monthly sales. For publishers selling plenty of ads in a month, a good ad ops team is required to keep average discrepancy rates at the barest minimum and not to view high discrepancy rates as an occupational hazard. The negative brand impact of non compliance like running an ad from a restricted category (e. g. porn, religious) is massive on a brand name site.Ad ops creates a check and balance system to approve ads before they are sold and QA them before they go live. In addition to ensuring that all creatives fall in line with publishers editorial guidelines, good ad ops employs efficient methods for managing the complexity introduced by third party tags, rotation and geo- targeting. Networks mu st have efficient ad ops department to deal with thousands of potential clients running on thousands of sites. high-octane ad ops teams keep networks on top of privacy issues. Ad ops teams deliver campaigns with incredible targeting, handle complex ad formats, forecast inventory and build workflow.

Extended Marketing Mix

The extended marketing incorporate (7Ps) The marketing go is the combination of marketing activities that an makeup engages in so as to best fit out the needs of its targeted market. Traditionally the marketing mix consisted of just 4 Ps. For example, a motor vehicle shaper like Audi * Produces products that argon of the highest quality and fit for the needs of different groups of consumers, * Offers a range of cars at shelter for money prices, depending on the market segmented they ar targeted at, Sells the cars through appropriate outlets such as dealerships and showrooms in prime locations, i. e. in the right places, and * Supports the marketing of the products through appropriate promotional and advertising activity. The marketing mix thus consists of four main elements 1. Product 2. Price 3. Place 4. Promotion. Getting the mix of these elements right enables the organisation to meet its marketing objectives and to satisfy the requirements of nodes. In addition to the tra ditional four Ps it is now normal to add some more Ps to the mix to give us Seven Ps.The additional Ps father been added because today marketing is further more customer oriented than ever before, and because the servicing sphere of the economy has come to dominate economic activity in this country. These 3 extra Ps are particularly relevant to this new extended utility mix. The three extra Ps are 1. forcible layout in the days when manufacturing dominated the UK economy the physical layout of production units such as factories was not precise classical to the end consumer because they never went inside the factory.However, today consumers typically come into contact with products in sell units and they expect a high level of presentation in modern shops e. g. record stores, clothes shops and so forth Not only do they need to easily find their way around the store, but they in any case often expect a good standard or presentation. The importance of quality physical layo ut is important in a range of service providers, including * Students going to college or university have far higher expectations somewhat the quality of their accommodation and learning environment than in the past.As a result colleges and universities pay far more attention to creating harming learning environments, student accommodation, shops, bars and other facilities. * Air passengers expect attractive and stimulating environments, such as interesting departure lounges, with activities for young children etc. * Hair dressing salons are expected to provide pleasant waiting areas, with attractive reading materials, access to coffee for customers, etc. * sensual layout is not only relevant to stores, which we visit, but also to the layout and structure of virtual stores, and websites. . Provision of customer service customer service lies at the heart of modern service industries. Customers are likely to be allegiant to organisations that serve them well from the way in whic h a telephone query is handled, to direct face-to-face interactions. Although the have a nice day approach is a bit corny, it is certainly better than a couldnt care less(prenominal) approach to customer relations. Call centre staff and customer interfacing personnel are the front eviscerate troops of any organisation and therefore need to be thoroughly familiar with good customer relations practice. . Processes associated with customer service are a number of processes involved in making marketing impelling in an organisation e. g. processes for handling customer complaints, processes for identifying customer needs and requirements, processes for handling order etc The 7 Ps price, product, place, promotion, physical presence, provision of service, and processes comprise the modern marketing mix that is particularly relevant in service industry, but is also relevant to any form of business where meeting the needs of customers is given priority.

Gold Mining in South Africa Essay

The searing issue facing the mining industry according to Zoli Diliza chief executive, chamber of exploits is ensuring that the mineral policies of South Africa aligns with the highest trite of administrative justice, promote an internationally accepted level of security of tenure and invariably promote an enabling environment that will attract investors into south Africa, hence, improving her competitiveness. Golds rarity, beauty and durability amaze ensured its use as a medium of exchange as well as astore of value in that location has been a power crises issue in South Africa which has led to the shut down temporarily of study flamboyant operations. This is a serious problem that in that there is limited capacity to bring the mine workers of the enclosed spaces in the mine due to ventilation breakdown. Continues power outages which have resulted in disrupted operations in the moneymines obviously have a significant impact on world flamboyant supplies mine, this is nonpa reil of the reasons South Africa is taking the backseat as the worlds largest producer of gold with china taking the scarecrow seat. Lawrence William) (2008) It was recorded in 2010 that gold production was down to 200 tons. Despite the substantial increase in the real price of gold in recent years, there has been a continuous decline in gold production , unless substantive new capital investment in new mines is attracted the decline in production is likely to continue. There is alike a decline in engineering and manufacturing activities associated directly to the gold mining industry.In regularise words, the consequence of the decline in gold production in south africa has been the loss of major sectors of South Africas previous substantive heavy engineering and manufacturing capacity The gold industry in the early 1990s experienced a tight profit squeeze and voilatility in prices, that period was also seen by rampant inflation. The pressure that generated the profit squeeze was as a result of workers demand link up to their salaries as awell as housing, health and safety.Another important cause was due to standing(prenominal) prices which reducesd reserves amd disapprove exploration of mines. And as expected, the profitabilitu constraint led to retrenchment of workers as a management mechanism for the mines. The gold industry in SA faced a tight profit squeeze in the early 1990s. The gold price was kept at a constant nominal rand value by the Reserve lingo from 1988 to 1992 despite rampant inflation. The 1987 great mineworkers strike was the highpoint of employment numbers.Profit margins were under severe pressure both(prenominal) from worker demandsrelated to wages as well as housing and health and safetyand from stagnant commodity prices which reduced reserves and discouraged new exploration. In addition to profitability constraints, retrenchments were a gun of mine management to reduce the effectiveness of the National Union of Mineworkers as it r ecovered from the strikewhich had seen the sacque of many union leaders. There was common cause that the industry needed to restructure in order to extend its life. The article put forward proposals from a labour perspective.

The Treadway Tire Company

The Treadway scare Company in Lima, Ohio is faced with rather difficult times. These difficulties however argon not due to lack of work with a down recession, or concerned with too a good deal demand and not enough capacity to fill it. These issues are deep within the company and strike the organization very seriously every day. The lack of discipline, ineffective leadership and employee talk are the problems gainsay the Treadway tyre Company as well as contributing continuously to their increasing disorder set for consecutive years.According to industry standards, your employees can contribute to the success of your company when they are trained to carry out their jobs. Training typic ally consists of several classes onsite or at different location during orientation. Some companies consider in-depth instruction an unnecessary expense and expect new employees to learn on the job from supervisors and older employees. However, this type of information is often inadequate an d creates problems for the business. (Amo, 2013) As a result, Ashley Wall should implement a formal, organized training weapons platform that will emphasize all aspects of plant operations and labor education.The advantage of implementing a training syllabus is that the foreman will be better equipped to do their job more effectively frankincense heightening their psychological empowerment and increasing job satisfaction. My research also suggests leadership training, employee development and master copy level seminars and workshops demonstrate the employers interest in tapping current human resources for higher-level roles within the organization through promotion-from-within policies and succession of plans.Ineffective leadership results from employers failure to provide support for employees who demonstrate aptitude and interest in promotional opportunities. Promoting employees without the benefit of basic of basic leadership training puts the employer at risk for high turno ver and mortified productivity. Its akin to setting the supervisor up for failure and it jeopardizes employee-supervisor relationships. (Mayhew, 2013) It has been my understanding that leadership training and employee development can help the new supervisor understand how to balance their dual responsibilities managing department functions and managing people.When considering Treadway Tire Company, without leadership training, however, the supervisor will fail because they did not receive the training needed and employees who report to them amaze because of potentially poor employee-supervisor relationships. Lastly, when we consider employee communication, employers who communicate regularly with employees lessen the risk of creating a workforce that feels undervalued and unappreciated. property employees informed active organizational changes, staffing plans and fluctuating business demands is one way to ensure employees remain with the company.Neglecting employee concerns abo ut job security through lack of communication or excluding employees for discussions that can affect their job performance, such(prenominal) as policy or procedural changes, negatively impacts the way employees view their employer. Their views transform to dissatisfaction and finally low productivity due to low morale and disengagement. (Mayhew, 2013) In relation to the problems with lack of communication in Treadway Tire Company, implementing some type of Foreman training program would be one of the most effective ship canal to solve their communication challenges.In conclusion, it is my belief that the challenges in training, ineffective leadership responsibilities and lack in communication can all be resolved by the implementation of a training program for all current and future foremen ensuring the company is managed properly. I would recommend at the conclusion of each training session, the employees should be asked for feedback about the program so that it can be enhanced by f urther development to see to it the evolving needs of the company.ReferencesAmo, T. (2013). The Negative Effects of a Lack of Training in the Workplace Chron.com. Retrieved from http//smallbusiness.chron.com/negative-effects-lack-training-workplace-45171.html Mayhew, R. (2013). What Are the Factors That erect to High Staff Turnover & Low Productivity? Chron.com. Retrieved from http//smallbusiness.chron.com/factors-contribute-high-staff-turnover-low-pro

Fate vs Free will in Macbeth Essay

The tragedy of Macbeth, written by William Shakespeare in the 1600s, continues to be one of Shakespeares grimest, most powerful tragedies. The play, set in Scotland, depicts the rise and root of fagot Macbeth. It explores whether Macbeth was in charge of his have got destiny in his quest for power, or under the apply of others surrounding him. The play examines m any(prenominal) themes, especially those concerning evil. A prominent theme in Macbeth is point vs free exit. Is it fate, or free will which determines the rise and inclination of Macbeth? The rise of Macbeth begins with him running into three witches on his way mob from a battle. The witches prophesised that he would become superpower. This is one of the constituents that contri only whened to Macbeths belief that he should become King. Another factor was his wife, peeress Macbeth, encouraging him to fulfil the prophecy right away by sidesplitting the current king, King Duncan. Although these factors whitethorn hold up contri justed to Macbeths actions, he remained capable of making his declare choices. The witches, or the weird sisters, in Macbeth equate fate.There are several variations on how weird is spelt through with(predicate) with(predicate)out the plays stage directions, such as weyard, and wayward. In Shakespeares time, this meant fate, or fateful. In the visual facsimile, Macbeth is depicted in the centre with a witch whispering into his left ear, and chick Macbeth whispering into his right ear. This symbolises how Macbeth was being tempered like a puppet by both the witches, and by Lady Macbeth. It shows how Macbeth was governd by their words, although he could have chosen to ignore them and force his avow finishs. The witches represent fate, and Lady Macbeth a chastenling influence in his life. These 2 people are included in the visual model because they are the main influences in the tragedy of Macbeth. Macbeth, in the middle, represents the way in which Lady Mac beth and the witches are influencing him. Macbeths serious expression is interpreter of how he feels in Act 1, vista 3, where he is torn between fate, and his own free will. off colours are used to provide an image of the play it is not bright and happy. It is a unappeasable tragedy.Macbeth states in Act 1, Scene 3, present fears are less than horrible imaginings, my thought, whose murder yet is but fantastical, shakes so my single state of man that function, is smothered in surmise, and nothing is, but what is not. In this scene, he is trying to make sense of his thoughts Shakespeare represents this through soliloquy. He is talking almost how Duncans murder is s annihilateful a fantasy right straightaway. This is beforehand Lady Macbeth can even bring up the murder. This abduce is shown in the visual representation, as it shows Macbeth is thinking about murder based on what the witches said, even before the influence of Lady Macbeth. Neither the witches, nor Lady Macbeth, c ould force Macbeth to kill Duncan. Macbeth had thoughts of murder before talking to Lady Macbeth, showing that the witches awakened his ambition to become king. They could only use their words to manipulate him, this is indicated in the visual, through the quotes which relate to their manipulation of Macbeth.All hail, Macbeth, thou shalt be king hereafter This quote, from one of the witches represents the start of Macbeths rise to power this triggers Macbeth to think about killing King Duncan. This is represented in the visual representation as it is a key quote from the witches. In Act 1, the witches appear in front of Macbeth and Banquo, the top hat friend of Macbeth. They represent fate, although it is unclear if they rattling can control Macbeths fate, or have any powers at all. They make three predictions for Macbeth, one that that he will be Thane of Cawdor, secondly that he will be King, and thirdly that Banquos sons will become King. When Macbeth reflects on the predicti ons, he starts to feel that he may direct to kill King Duncan to become King, but hopes it will come about by fate or chance instead. The predictions shown in the visual representation are an example of Macbeth reflecting upon them. Whose horrid image doth unfix my hair, and make my seated heart knock at my ribs This was said before he murdered King Duncan, and shows the immorality he was feeling for even thinking about murder. If it was his fate to kill, he would not have mat up so uncomfortable about it.This is a direct example of Macbeths free will, and is represented in the visual representation with the out of order quotes, and Macbeths unfixed hair. The quotes placed around the visual representation show all the words that may have been echoing around his head, influencing him and pressuring him. The words from others helped contribute to Macbeths madness. If chance will have me King, why chance may overstep me, without my stir. Macbeth is unsure about killing King Duncan , for good reason the witches neer fated him to kill Duncan. This is an example of his free will. It is hard for Macbeth to purpose what he wants to do with all of the printing press, although he does nothave to succumb to it. The witches never stated that Macbeth would need to kill King Duncan to become king, that idea was completely his own. Macbeth states in the above quote from the play that if it really is fate, it will come about by chance. From the beginning, Macbeth kept his own free will, even though he was influenced by others. After learning of the witches prophecies, Macbeth makes the mistake of writing a letter to Lady Macbeth, telling her about the encounter with the witches, in detail.Lady Macbeth becomes excited, about being Queen, about having power. She wants Duncan dead, so she can be queen. In many ways Lady Macbeth is more than power hungry than Macbeth. In Act 1, scene 7, she murmurs to herself that she knows Macbeth is ambitious, and wants power, but fear s that he is too full of the milk of human kindness to kill Duncan and become King. She begs to be divest so she can do it herself, but knows that it will not happen. Unsex me here And fill me from the crown to the toe top-full of direst cruelty She wishes to lose her feminine characteristics, so that she can kill King Duncan. It seems that Lady Macbeth is more influenced by the witches prophecies than Macbeth is. She decides to convince Macbeth to seize the crown. She cannot fate Macbeth to kill the king, but she can encourage his free will, and pressure him into it. She bullies him into it, calling him a coward, and telling him that he is less of a man.In many ways, Lady Macbeth manipulates Macbeth, she influences his decision in a dramatic way, and contributes to Macbeths rise, and ultimate fall, as King. The dark colours used in the visual representation show that Macbeths morals, and values disappeared, thus making his mind a dark place. And to be more than what you were, you would be so much more the man What beast wast and then? That made you break this enterprise to me? These quotes are represented in the visual representation as they represent the pressure Lady Macbeth is putting onto Macbeth. She appeals to his conscience by telling him that he promised her that he would be King, and now hes broken that promise. Although the witches never told Macbeth that he had to kill Duncan to become King, Lady Macbeth encourages this idea, and pressures Macbeth into it. Macbeth becomes convinced that he should kill King Duncan, after Lady Macbeth assures him that he cannot fail, because Duncan is asleep. Lady Macbeth may have bullied Macbeth into killing King Duncan, but she cannot be blamed for the rise and fall of Macbeth.He knows what theconsequences of his actions will be, but does it anyway, out of his own free will. Macbeth succumbs to the pressure, and influence from Lady Macbeth and the witches. He loses himself momentarily. Macbeth murders King Duncan with a dagger in Act 1, Scene 8. After the murder, we see that Macbeth has a conscience. He expresses guilt and stress about his actions. If he was under the control of fate, he would not feel such guilt as he would know his actions were not of his own making. It is clear that Macbeth realises his actions were made from his own free will. Macbeth allows influences of evil into his life. The witches, and Lady Macbeth push Macbeth towards murder.. The witches tell Macbeth 3 things, he will be thane of Glamis, and Cawdor, and he will be King. The prediction that Macbeth would be thane of Cawdor is true, leading Macbeth to believe he will become King. The witches do suggest that he will become king, but it is Macbeth who produces the idea of murder. The witches never told him that he must kill to become King, or have power.This is shown in the visual representation through the presence of a witch and Lady Macbeth. Quotes are included to provide an example of their pressure/influence o n Macbeth. The thought of murder cannot be blamed on the witches, or Lady Macbeth, even though she encouraged it. It was Macbeth who first thought of murdering King Duncan, thus proving that the murder was as a result of his own free will. Although Macbeth is stricken with guilt after murdering Duncan, he does not learn from his mistake. He continues, hiring two murderers to kill Fleance and Banquo, proving that Macbeth is led by his own free will. Was Macbeth a victim of fate? Or did he fall under the pressure of his wife, Lady Macbeth? It is possible that Macbeth already had murderous ambitions, but the witches awakened it. The witches did not get a line Macbeth to murder king Duncan, but motivated him by letting him believe his fate was sealed. Macbeth succumbs to pressure from Lady Macbeth, but his actions were all of his own free will.

Personal Experience That Changed My Life Essay

When will the regime realize that macrocosm fastball is toxic to public health? Exposure to fumes whoremaster be just as unhealthy for a non- weedr as it is for the pasturager. Smoking should be banned in public because people be exposed to hazardous smoke in many places, a ban bottomland lead to prevention and quitting of grass and second hand smoke can cause many illnesses and diseases. nation are exposed to second hand smoke in many places and it is very dangerous. Homes, cars, and work are some places where exposure occurs (Secondhand Smoke). By allowing smokers to smoke in those places, we are putting others at take chances of skunk- relate problems. Furthermore, the nearly dangerous gases feature in the highest levels within side stream smoke (Few Facts). Due to this, there is no safe level of exposure to secondhand smoke (Secondhand Smoke). People are at great incident of disease and illness by just walking past a smoker. Smoke free environments can lead to more smokers quitting and less non-smokers starting to smoke. In a survey, it was reported that ab come on 7 out of 10 smokers want to quit, and they believe that a smoke-free environment will help them (A few facts). carry moreEssay on an Experience That Changed Your LifeWhen a smoker tries to quit, they may see others grass in public and this can cause an urge to smoke. Each day more than 3800 people infra 18 try their first cigarette (Fast Facts). Of those 3800, 1000 begin smoking cigarettes on a periodical basis (Fast Facts). When kids see people smoking, they may think that its cool and they will try smoking for the same reason. Although, smoking is not healthy, the government gets much needed money from cigarettes and banning public smoking would decrease the income. In 2011, state governments received $25.3 billion from tobacco taxes and legal settlements (Fast Facts). However, is it really worth it get money from something that causes cancer and other illnesses? People die fr om second hand smoke and now the government is getting money from the source.Even with the income the government receives, the price of smoking outweighs that profit by about night club to one. Second hand smoke can cause many serious illnesses and diseases. For example, the chance of lung cancer is change magnitude by 16-19% when in contact with second hand smoke (Few Facts). Second hand smoke increases the risk of heart disease by 25-35% (Few Facts).People are exposed to smoke in many places so the risks of diseases related to smoking are increasing even in non-smokers.In addition, children exposed to second hand smoke have an increased risk of colds, pneumonia, bronchitis, and asthma (Secondhand Smoke). This can lead to many lost days of school, hospitalizations, and in some cases, even death in children. In conclusion, public smoking is a danger to smokers, as well as non-smokers and should be banned entirely. Starting a petition, contacting a senator or representative, just difficult to raise awareness about this issue will help to get it resolved. Second hand smoke is a risk to everyone and public smoking allows it to reach all types of people. Knowing about the dangers of public smoking can result in healthier people and a brighter future for everyone.

Quality in customer focussed operations Assignment

spirit in customer focussed operations - Assignment ExampleIts cost control techniques, details of working(a) process and incessant product development, along with the corporate attributes, come aided the play along to maintain a lower price for customers. During the period of global expansion, it has lowered price of products on an average of 2%-3%. As of January 2014, the company owns around 349 stores across 43 countries. It has been recorded that the company had sold products, amounting to $23.1 billion, in 2010. It is identified that gross sales of the company has increased by 7.7% from the previous year. The company website displays over 12,000 products to customers, along with clear pictures of IKEA range of products, in order for the latter to gain interest in the company products. The number of visitors, who visit IKEAs website every(prenominal) day, has been recorded to about 470 million in 2013. It has been identified that in 2013, IKEA has been the largest user of w ood, as the company has been observe to use about 1% of the total wood available on the earth.IKEA concentrates on selling wide-eyed range of products. The company sells nearly everything, which are required for furnishing a home, including furniture, plants, toys, kitchens and many more. The products, which are resultd by them, have unique styles and the function of good musical note and style is complimenting products to become most attractive and satisfy customers need. The company accepts the challenge of producing products at a lower price. Any company can make higher quality products at a high price, but IKEA provides its customers with the best quality, along with the lowest price possible, on the product. To provide high quality products at low prices, the company has undertaken cost effective and innovative techniques, which have make them strong enough to rule the retail market with confidence. The whole production process has been reviewed by designers, which has brou ght in new packing methods and such, thereby reducing cost of manufacturing.The

Psychology 23 questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Psychology 23 questions - shew ExamplePeople might develop learned helplessness when too many things have been come in of their domination in their lives. People with learned helplessness believe that because they couldnt solve past problems they wont be able to solve future ones. They are often depressed. causa A people feel standardised they are under pressure, are impatient and competitive. They yell at people and get angry easily. Type B people are calm and non-aggressive and easier to get along with because they are more cooperative.When patients dont follow the doctors orders it is called noncompliance. Patients dirty dog be noncompliant for many reasons, such as not understanding instructions, not having enough currency for treatment, fear or even not trusting the doctor.Negatively framed ads use methods like center on the harmful aspects of original foods, or use shaming tactics to get people to choose certain products. They might show someone as looking stupid for ea ting a certain pillowcase of food, for example. Positive framing tries to persuade people by focusing on the benefits of certain products and behaviors.Negative in that location were some lite beer commercials that showed men who drink lite beer as being feminine. One man carried a purse and the other wore a skirt. This meant they were weak. This would work amongst young males because they are usually more worried almost their image than older men are.Positive most cruise commercials show sunny skies, happy people, and relaxing things to do. By not focusing on negative things people are escaping from, the ads make people run the cruise with fun and adventure.Factors associated with happiness include optimism, time for both work and play, a sense of control over ones life, self-esteem, close relationships, spirituality. Happiness improves overall quality of life by helping one to treat stress and to avoid depression or feelings of

Econometrics formative assignment Research Paper

Econometrics formative assignment - Research Paper Example-0.06731.2800.260 *. *. 28-0.079-0.07732.9130.239 .. .. 29-0.020-0.01933.0160.277 .. .. 300.029-0.01533.2370.312 .. .. 31-0.029-0.03533.4620.349 .* .** 320.1830.19742.3440.104 .. .. 33-0.019-0.01342.4440.126 .. .. 340.0270.04242.6360.147 .. .. 35-0.052-0.04743.3680.157 .. *. 360.019-0.07243.4700.183Correlogram for VodafoneDate 08/17/09 Time 2105Sample 1/01/1990 12/31/2008Included observations 224AutocorrelationPartial CorrelationACPAC Q-Stat Prob .. .. 10.0020.0020.00070.979 .. .. 20.0190.0190.08260.960 .* .* 30.1820.1827.64890.054 *. *. 4-0.061-0.0638.49920.075 .* .* 50.1460.14513.4510.019 .. .. 60.015-0.02113.5020.036 .* .* 70.0880.11615.3220.032 .* .* 80.1320.07619.4220.013 .. .. 9-0.027-0.00919.5960.021 .. .. 100.048-0.00620.1390.028 .* .* 110.1530.14025.7130.007 .* .* 120.1150.11628.8810.004 .. .. 130.006-0.03328.8890.007 .. .. 140.009-0.04128.9070.011 .. *. 15-0.032-0.08329.1530.015 .. .....The t wo vertical lines in the first column break in the 95% confidence interval. Id k that extends past the broken line, reject the null hypothesis that k = 0 at 5% level of significance. Otherwise, do not reject the null hypothesis (Danao).In this peculiar(prenominal) tests, the entrust for BARC, VOD and FTALLSH show that we do not reject the null hypothesis that k = 0. But for the GSK graph, the result is opposite. We have necessary proof to reject the null hypothesis.Decision Rule If the absolute value of the ADF canvas Statistic is less than the value of the McKinnon Critical Values at the chosen level of significance, then the series has a unit root and is therefore non-stationary.

Same-sex marriage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Same-sex coupling - Essay ExampleLegalizing gay marriages go away lead to polygamy. People exit find alternatives to one man/one woman relationships. The definition of marriage so far rests on tradition, trust, legal precedent, and the support of the people. If such marriages be legalized hence it will be supported by nothing much than a single judge as in the fount of Utah where the court demanded that the state has to actually prove that polygamous relationship is detrimental to the society (James Dobson). Polygamists are trying to prove that polygamy is not harmful to the culture. Dobson cites that ACLU went on to say that the nuclear family may not be necessarily the best model.. Once such marriages find a place in justice, then what can stop stock-still two/three or four marriages even amongst heterosexuals? What about the honorable values on which make up a society? What do we pass on to the conterminous generation? A tradition of distorted ideas and relations? The k idren would bear the heaviest brunt of such marriages in a worldly concern of decaying families. Homosexuals do not stick to one partner and study has shown that some have even more than one thousand. Children by nature are conservatives and adapt to the surroundings very easily. They hate change even in the relationship with their mother and father. We are all aware of the love and attention that a child needs from both mother and father. Even normal spilled marriages leave a child misbalanced.Religious freedom will certainly get affected.