Impact Technology Has In Soccer - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2480 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/04/15 Category Sports Essay Level High school Tags: Soccer Essay Did you like this example? Abstract This research work is about the technology in soccer. We will see how it integrates into different areas of soccer from the preparation of players, the decision making of refs, to the view from a fan perspective. It will also contribute to the elimination of corruption within the sport. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Impact Technology Has In Soccer" essay for you Create order Our experiment compared games with and without technology as well as interviews with referees and players. The results showed a lower percentage of errors during a match and a higher satisfaction from everyone involved. The conclusion is that, with the inclusion of technology we can guarantee fairness in a match, eliminating the accusations of corruption. We can also conclude that technology has made sports more competitive enhancing the spectacle. Introduction What would happen if during a game your favorite team scores a goal and the referee does not count it, because the player was supposedly offside? Or because the ball entered the goal but the goalkeeper took it out before the referee noticed it? Or maybe because someone paid the referee not to count it? We can avoid all these injustices by using technology to help the referees to perform a better job, and to end the corruption that FIFA has been involved recently. A recent study shows that â€Å"For accuracy of all potential offside situations, according to a new definition (with the attacker 2 m in front or behind the second-last defender), the error percentage was 7.6% (17 flag errors and 9 non-flag errors out of 342 situations)† (Catteeuw, 2010, p. 1030). This topic will be very pleasing to all those people who have an interest in soccer, or any team sport. This research will deal with various issues related to the technology applied in soccer. We will see how technology helps soccer, from players, referees and fans themselves. In the player area, we will implement it in their physical preparation as technology helps them maintain or improve their physical condition and excellent health. In the case of referees, we will focus on how technology allows them to have a communication at a distance with the other referees to know if the ball goes over the goal line and to support the decision-making. The other benefit we will explore is presented by means of video, allowing fans and referees to review plays and ensuring fairness in all stages of the game. Technology advances Sports biomechanics, analyze sports practice to improve their performance, develop training techniques and design accessories, materials and high performance equipment. The overall goal of sports biomechanics research is to develop a detailed understanding of specific mechanical sports and their performance variables to improve performance and reduce the incidence of injuries. This translates into the investigation of specific sports techniques, better designing the sports team, clothing, and identifying practices that predispose to an injury. Given the increasing complexity of training and performance at all levels of competitive sport, it is not surprising that athletes and coaches are turning to the biomechanical research literature aspects of their sport for a competitive advantage. Thanks to Lees (2010) â€Å"the focus of this review is biomechanical in nature and builds on and extends previous reviews and overviews†. A scientific specialty that applies methods for measuring the size, shape, proportions, composition, maturation and gross function of the body structure. It is considered a basic discipline for the solution of problems related to growth, development, exercise, nutrition, and performance, which constitutes a quantitative link between structure and function, or an interface between anatomy and physiology or performance. Described the morphological structure of the individual (whether this athlete is competitive or recreational) in its longitudinal development, and the changes caused by growth and training. It offers the player a complete scientific study of their physical performance. Weight, height and skin folds are measured to obtain the percentage of fat. The muscle perimeters are calculated to know the muscle mass. Even bone diameters are also the object of study. With these data, the player are evaluated to see if he is having an adequate growth for his age and if he gets too tired, since weight loss is a symptom of fatigue. These data is compared with the rest of the group and the educator is oriented to obtain the maximum performance of the player. Applying it to soccer, we can get a better understanding of the biomechanical parameters of the player, through a quantitative and qualitative assessment of the players movements. This allows assessing the individual technique of the player and compare it with other elite athletes. This science focuses on the kinematics and dynamics of the sports movement, that is, the description and explanation of this movement through biomechanical systems. The process is simple: the movement to be analyzed is recorded in video, and then digitized; this data is transfer into a computer program that performs a three-dimensional calculation. Subsequently, a biomechanical calculation allows obtaining data of angulation, speed, force, power or supports. Tito and Severgnini (2011) had previously examined this subject â€Å"Episodes uncovered were connected with two of the largest match-fixing scandals in Europe involving criminal organizations, soccer players, team managers, and referees. These investigations, also known as Calciopoli and Scommessopoli, offer unique case studies to understand the mechanisms behind match-fixing in professional football and opportunities to fix it† (p. 355). VAR is a system of video review that referees can use to analyze match-changing situations such as goals, penalties, and red cards. If there is a debatable incident, the referee on the field is notified by a team of off-field officials watching the game from a video control room. The on-field referee then has the option to stop the game to watch a replay on the sideline. If the referee chooses to review the play, he can overturn or confirm his original decision. With this technique with can guarantee fairness in all stages of the match. Video recording allows you to record a whole workout to be able to analyze it later. This tool of work is used often, as educators realize that, it is very difficult to appreciate everything that happens in the field. After carefully viewing the images, the appropriate conclusions are obtained. Another usefulness of video recording is the self-assessment that players can do when they see themselves performing a specific exercise. It is an important correction tool for any educator, not only in games but also in training. The good use of this technique is very motivating for the player, since he realizes where the error is and how to correct it. It also has the advantage that you can watch it repeatedly, in slow motion and even freeze the image when necessary. Catteeuw et al. (2009) found â€Å"Two hypotheses for explaining incorrect decisions were investigated, namely, the flash-lag effect and the shift of gaze. Performance differences between skill levels were also examined. First, results showed a bias toward flag errors for national ARs as expected by the flash-lag effect. Second, ARs fixated the offside line before, during, and after the precise moment the pass was given, implying there was no shift of gaze from the passer to the receiving attacker. Third, no differences were found in scan patterns between international and national ARs† (p. 787). Arbitral Intercom System allows the audio conference between the referee team, has a range of more than one kilometer, is light and easy to use. In addition to the technology used, it allows to isolate the voice, avoiding the introduction of external noises, such as the crowd and even the whistle of the referee. It uses an encrypted frequency system, which prevents communication from being interrupted or from having the signal intervened and is the same as that used in the UEFA Cup, Champions League, Premiership, First and Second Division of France; and it was the one that was used in the World Cup. The Electronic Flags system supports the assistant referee to get the attention of the referee by sending a signal via radio, which directly affects a receiver that the central referee carries on the arm. The Flag (Transmitter) is integrated into the flag handle of the assistant referees and sends an encrypted signal to the referees receiver. The receiver is mounted in a small black box carried by the referee, tied with a strap on the upper arm. The signal transmitted by the assistant is by means of vibration, in addition to emitting sound. To prevent interruption or disturbance due to other sources of transmission, a complex coding system is used. The Swiss referees have tested the system since the beginning of 2004 during the Swiss national competition, the international events of the Euro Cup, the European championship of the UEFA in England and the Olympic Games, in all with very satisfactory results. The Goal line technology, which contains an integrated 1.5 cm electronic circuit, sends a radio signal when it crosses the line that delimits the football field. This signal is transmitted by a system of 12 antennas that are located in the corners of the football field. The signal reaches a computer that, in less than a second, sends a message to a wristwatch worn by the referee. International Federation of Football Associations (FIFA), Sepp Blatter that outlined eight reasons why GLT should not be used in football. The reasons given by FIFA can be broadly separated into three categories; those dealing with the nature and value of the game of football, those related to issues of justice, and those concerned with the practical implementation of GLT (Ryall, 2012, p. 443). Method Participants in this study included 15 referees, 20 professional players, and 5 elite managers. Participants were all male between the ages of 19 and 54. All participants in this study were volunteers. We are going to develop a survey that will focus on a series of questions intended for players, referees and managers, about the different technologies being use in the field. we are going to analyze the data from each batch of subjects to determine if technology in soccer is improving the game or deteriorating it, and what could be done to improve the sport. We will use the past world cup where technology advances were included to determine if this advances had help the referees in the decision making. The objective is to evaluate the amount of mistakes that are being prevented in a match, to find out if the inclusion of technology is helping the decision-making, or in the contrary is taking away from the show. We will be also conducting interviews with qualify specialist on their point of view about the VAR (video assistant referee). Information about the study, purpose, and privacy were part of the consent form. Results According to the survey 15/15 of the referees, 18/20 players, and 4/5 managers agreed on technology improving the game, but also agreed that technology needs to become faster, Sometimes the game stops for over a minute, this means that the players and fans have to wait this time for the game to resume and pray for the time to be added at the end of the match. This disrupts the rhythm of the game and destroys the nature of soccer. VAR is soccer’s first attempt at using video technology to aid refereeing decisions at a World Cup. During the World Cup 455 moves were reviewed, of which there was a 95.6% arbitration success, changing the decision on 17 moves. 9 penalties were awarded thanks to the VAR and the identity of a player was detected after a play that ended in expulsion. Here are some of the comment that we got from the interviews about the VAR in soccer: The Spanish coach left with this appearance of video arbitration. I really liked the introduction of the VAR, the possibility of re-arbitrating the plays is one of the best things that has happened, speaking about football, I am left with equality without any doubt, says the highest Spanish technical manager. Maradona, Argentina’s former playmaker, supports VAR: â€Å"Technology brings transparency and quality and it provides a positive outcome for teams who decide to attack and take risks.† Former referee Gianluca Colina who was accused of corruption 10 years ago but found innocent, said: â€Å"if technology would’ve been around 10 years ago, the corruption scandals wouldn’t exist, because technology does not only help us do our job, it helps soccer guarantee absolute fair play.† Conclusion In carrying out the research we have seen how technology is implemented in different areas of football, it should be mentioned that the implementation of technology in different areas of football have been very beneficial because we see that referees can be assured when making their decisions. With the implementation of technology in soccer that does not take us by surprise that we could soon look at things of even better quality to carry out the practice of this We are in the times of greatest technological revolution in our history, advancing at a very fast pace that is constantly accelerating. But we have to consider that these new technologies that are appearing must be appreciated with the utmost respect, since they have facilitated and improved our lives. Now that a thorough and exhaustive analysis of the research has been carried out, we have managed to conclude the following, it has been possible to achieve a greater degree of precision and equity in the refereeing, allowing a greater approach of the public and the spectator in general. On the other hand, the technological possibilities appear endless and this is due in large part to the constant updating of said devices. The technology has been gradually influencing the sport, for its improvement, in terms of precision, efficiency, performance, etc. This has allowed a greater accuracy in goal scoring. Taking into account that despite all these technological advances that have been coming and will continue to come with the passage of time, we can not afford to lose the essence of sport. References Catteeuw, P.,Helsen, W., Gilis,  B., Van Roie, E., Wagemans, J. (2009) Visual Scan Patterns and Decision-Making Skills of Expert Assistant Referees in Offside Situations . Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology  31:6,  786-79. Catteeuw, P., Gilis, B.,Garcà ­a-Aranda, J., Tresaco, F.,Wagemans, J.,Helsen, W.  (2010).  Offside decision making in the 2002 and 2006 FIFA World Cups.  Journal of Sports Sciences,  28:10,  1027-1032. Creswell, J.W. (2018). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. (5th Ed., pp.26-60). Twelve Oaks, CA. Emily Ryall  (2012)  Are there any Good Arguments Against Goal-Line Technology?,  Sport, Ethics and Philosophy,  6:4,  439-450. Kermarrec, G. (2015). Enhancing tactical skills in soccer: advances from the naturalistic decision making approach.  Procedia Manufacturing,  3, 1148-1156. Lees, A., Asai, T., Andersen, T. B., Nunome, H., Sterzing, T. (2010). The biomechanics of kicking in soccer: A review.  Journal of sports sciences,  28(8), 805-817. Philippaerts, R. M., Vaeyens, R., Janssens, M., Van Renterghem, B., Matthys, D., Craen, R., Malina, R. M. (2006). The relationship between peak height velocity and physical performance in youth soccer players.  Journal of sports sciences,  24(3), 221-230. Tito, B.,Severgnini, B. (2010). Match rigging and the career concerns of referees. Labour Economics, 349–359.

The Downfalls Of Standardized Testing Essay - 1221 Words

The Downfalls of Standardized Testing A high school student wakes up knowing today is the big test day. It will determine whether he graduates and has the chance to go to college. At the turn of the first page, his stomach drops; his best subject is not even covered on the test. If this is true for many students across the nation, why and how are standardized tests able to measure their capabilities? Testing has consumed the time and attention of schools, teachers, and students. It has controlled classroom curriculum, changed the nature of teaching, and has decreased critical thinking: an essential for students heading into any career. Standardized testing should not be used for student learning assessment because it has a narrow accuracy of student abilities and limits the education in classrooms. Standardized testing only skims the surface of a student’s knowledge, inaccurately assessing student proficiency. 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Standardized tests are the easiest way to seek out

Silent Subversion in a Woman on a Roof free essay sample

This paper centers on the unnamed woman sunbathing on the roof of her own, using her indifference and silence as rebellion toward the three mens provocation working on another roof, trying to explore womens subversion toward the gender bias and their self-consciousness raising in the society. Key words: silence;indifference;rebellion;subversion 1. Introduction Doris Lessing, the recipient of the 2007 Nobel Prize in Literature, is described by the award committee as that epicist of the female experience, who with scepticism, fire and visionary power has subjected a divided civilization to scrutiny. Her novel A Woman on A Roof depicts the life and culture of modern European life and is regarded as one of the twentieth centurys pivotal works of fiction speaking for women. A Woman on A Roof is a short story set in the early 1960’s in London. While repairing a roof during a scorching heat wave, three workmen spot an attractive woman sunbathing on a neighboring roof: Tom is 17 years old, shy, and impressionable; Stanley has recently married and is both shocked and attracted by the womans nakedness; Harry, who is married and has a son about Toms age, is 45 years old, tolerant and practical-minded. They take advantage of her privacy and start to blow wolf whistles to her though she appears indifferent to their harassment. The harassment goes on for the next seven days and during this time we see the men’s hatred for her increase due to her indifferent yet they are still excited at seeing her naked body day in day out. In the novel, the unnamed woman represents the new modern liberating women having fortune, leisure and taste to enjoy themselves at any time anywhere, which is quite against the traditional opinion many men always think of. Meanwhile, the three men working hard under the same sunshine belong to the low class. By comparing with their different living status, Doris Lessing presents us a very vivid picture between men and women, high class and low class, which delivers her intention that women are not expelled to enjoy the high quality life as men usually do and new women have the courage to defy the creed vocally or silently. 2 Traditional Female Image and Gender Bias When talking about the female images, there is a variety of overt and subtle ways in it. They may be posited as ideal, whose angel wings scarcely touch the earth. Wealth may allow them enjoy poetic leisure, youth and extra grace if necessary; They may be posited as the material, whose whole-life mission is how to survive herself and her family in the earthly world. In A Women on A Roof, the traditional female images are just like the material: stay at home, obedient toward their husbands and keep the family hard. However, the unnamed women representing the new image of woman between the ideal and material and truly be herself all the time. She lying prone, brought her two hands up behind her shoulders with the end if a scarf in them, tied it behind her back, then sat smoking, and did not look up when Stanley let out a wolf whistle. When she is bothered, she blinked and stared, then dropped her head again with this gestures of indifference to ignore turbulence. How does the image come? Mostly by men! And it is because of the long-time existed gender bias. Women are generally and routinely casted to be inferior and their main responsibility is o nly to breed next generation. Women are not allowed to work outside and those encouraged working women still rarely receive equal pay respects and supports they deserved. Maybe there are some exceptions; the general situation is more or less the same. Julia Swindells has commented:It seems to me that the construction of gender difference and hierarchy is created at work as well as at homeand that the effect on women(less physical and technical capacity, lack of confidence, low pay) may well cast a shadow on the sex-relation of domestic life. [Victorian Writing,1985:2]. And Charles Darwin in his works of The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex(1871)says:Man is more courageous, pugnacious, and energetic than woman and has a more inventive genius. , which delivers his latent gender bias toward women. In U. S, it is not a long history that women are allowed to be enrolled into college educated as the same as men always were treated. Even those girls were allowed to enter colleges, the guiding principle i n education was still separate and unequal. In the early eighteenth century, boys and girls were assigned to sex-segregated classes to prepare their class and to be educated due to their gender difference. Those colleges which firstly enrolled women still offered female students less rigorous courses than male students and required female students to wash those male students clothes, and many of those colleges which enrolled women were for the economic force not the equity. In 1870, two thirds of all universities barred women. By 1900, more than two thirds of them admitted women with struggling. Consider that as late as the 1970s the all-male Ivy League Colleges did not admit women, and even now state-supported Virginia Military Institute fights for its all male status. The entry of women into professional work is similar. The professional power has the history it does and it would be difficult to make the entry for women into professional area as a matter of fact. These default rules existed long and still remain in the territory of the development of professional power in ways which sustains invidious distinction between female and male labor. All the false ways women have to face and, now, it is time to wake up. Doris Lessing, in the novel of A Woman on A Roof, yells out her equity require by depicting the unnamed woman defying the men and the bias those men represents. She endows the unnamed women with many facets and some mysteries. No information to be deduced for her background since gender bias here means everything at all. She is only a human being more than a woman, disliking being tagged with labels and not being easily categorized. She is free and has successfully defied the gender bias by her own silent behavior, which is also a pretty good example that women follow the Womans Declaration of Independence 1848(coauthored by Elizabeth Cady Stanton) against the gender bias since then. 3 Self-consciousness Raise and Feminine Subversion Consciousness of women is the studies of the whole gamut of women with extensive observation and becomes a way of perceiving women from getting sidetracked into maintracked or from single issue to masses and it would be a reform carrying theory about women further than it had ever been existed before. Regarding it, Kathie Sarachild writes about her one time experience in New York Radical Women, a newly formed organization, having heard one spokeswoman named Ann Forers speech below:I think we have a lot more to do just in the area of raising our consciousness, she then added:Ive only begun thinking about women as an oppressed group and each day, Im still learning more about itmy consciousness gets higher[Amy Kesselman,1999:489]. Self-consciousness raise of women challenges the old ideas and set up new ones. It is about feminism and how women consider and treat themselves. It should be the self-salvation from the inner heart of women and the awakening of themselves. They could dare to speak out what they really feel and revolt those unfairness and burdens toward women since long time ago. The unknown women, as protagonist in the novel, subverted the power men have asserted and did it successfully. She clearly knows what kind of life she really wants and takes into action to symbolize the raise of her self-consciousness. She uses her indifference and silence as weapon to fight and never yields. Confronting with the five days continuous provocation from the three working men, she sometimes stayed on her blanket, turning herself over and over, ignored them no matter what they did; Sometimes looked up at them, cool and remote, then went on reading again, or keeps on laying. In the end, she uses quite few words to express her anger when Tom is near her, which is her feminine subversion towards the gender bias. The tension between the women and the men emphasizes the feelings and experiences when women struggle to defend their rights if they encounter humiliation and unfairness. Just like Kathie Sarachild says: It seemed clear that knowing how our own lives related to the general condition of women would make us better fighter on behalf of women as a whole. We felt that all women would have to see this truth about their own lives before they would fight in a radical way for anyone. Go fight your own opressors. [Amy Kesselman, 1999:490] 4 Silence, your Name is Subversion Silence refers to the relative or total lack of audible sound. By analogy, silence may also refer to any absence of communication in media or in speech. Silence gets its colour from surrounding and emphasizes the soberness, rebellion, discontentment, or other complicated emotions comparing with the chattering person under certain circumstance. Silence is used for the purpose of being quite in some occasions or used just in daily communication. Kierkegaard, Danish philosopher and theologian, has noted: Silence gets its significance from surrounding religious language and in its turn gives this language depth. Only the person who can remain essentially silent can speak essentially. (TA 97). Onno Zijlstra,1998:143] Throughout the novel, the unnamed womans indifference and silence leave many readers the unforgettable impression of her silence. She does not speak a word when those men are provoking her, or speaks quite few words behaving as cold as ice in the end of the story: When Tom comes to her to show his admire, she tries to speak in a slow reasonable voice, where anger was kept in check, though with difficulty and says, Listen, if you get a kick out of seeing women in bikinis, why dont you take an sixpenny bus ride to the Lido? Youd see dozens of them, without all this mountaineering. Toms self-revealing of his love doesnt earn him any chance to let the woman speak more but impassively reply with one word of thanks. The situation is still as before:She lay there She said nothing. She had simply shut him out. Silence, here, becomes a powerful weapon that is more effective than language. Although language, implying the rationality and logic, relates to the universe and is the ideality that breaks up immediacy, silence is still more valid in some occasions than language to express the inner emptiness of the demonic as well as the inner fullness of faith. The unnamed woman, using her silence, delivers her faith of being the new women in the new society successfully and fight with all unfairness burdened on her like an intrepid woman warrior. Her silence, as a vivid symbol, represent all womens subversion toward the gender bias long existed. One of Margaret Atwoods poems named Spelling in 1981 shows how to master the power of speaking but also emphasize the might of being silence if it is correctly used. .. A word after a word after a word is power. * At the point where language falls away rom the hot bones, at the point where the rock breaks open and darkness flows out of it like blood, at the melting point of granite when the bones know they are hollowthe word splitsdoublesspeaks the truththe body itself becomes a mouth. This is a metaphor. 5 Conclusion Doris Lessing is a feminist. In the short story the unnamed woman is also the sharp and firm flag of feminism. She used her silence fight against the three men. Female should be equa l in rights and independence as human being with the male.

Medical Tourism free essay sample

An external view using Porter’s Five Forces, an internal resource-based view and an industry snapshot using value network approach are evaluated to identify the pros and cons about the industry. In the beginning, a brief about medical tourism is written along with the background to research, and project aims and objectives. Next, a critical literature review is performed to explore previous research and to analyze merits and limitations of the theoretical frameworks. Interviews with managers and medical practitioners were arranged to gather primary data. Secondary data was also obtained from pertinent sources. The theoretical frameworks that form the academic basis for this study are used to analyze the data. The analyses are discussed along with other facts that were not captured by the framework or approach. The analysis confirms that Malaysia’s medical tourism industry is attractive to enter and realize profits. There are a few strong players in the market, although, the overall market is still in the emerging phase. The government has published analytical reports on the available opportunities in the Indian health care industry so corporate houses can make informed decisions regarding the Indian medical tourism sector. Initiatives of Private Hospitals in Health Travel Projects outside India Recently, a memorandum of understanding (MOU) was signed between the famous Apollo Hospitals and the American International Medical University (AIMIJ) for developing medical tourism projects worth $200 Million in the Bahamas and St Lucia. According to the MolJ, the Apollo group will develop a super specialty eaching hospital, research, and treatment facilityfor the AIMIJ group. In addition, Apollo will develop, manage, and monitor the healthcare facilities at the existing AIMIJ groups medical education facilities at the Bahamas and St Lucia campuses. The AIMIJ group offers MD and PhD programs and offers $1. 5 million in scholarships to Indian students every year. It is estimated that the AIMIJ group of institutions will attract 500 Indian doctors to the US in the current year http://www. healism. com/ blogs/the_stanley_rubenti_medical_tourism_blog/ medical_tourism_to_india:_opportunities__trends/ Medical Tourism is the concept of raveling to a particular destination to avail the opportunity of the worldclass Healthcare services offered by the best experienced Healthcare professionals at the technologically most advanced medical facilities in complete privacy and for affordable costs. The Healthcare procedure is usually combined with a family vacation. The concept of Medical Tourism is not a new one. The first recorded instance of medical tourism dates back thousands of years to when Greek pilgrims traveled from all over the Mediterranean to the small territory in the Saronic Gulf called Epidauria. This territory was the sanctuary of the healing god Asklepios. Epidauria became the original travel destination tor medical tourism. In the recent past patients from underdeveloped countries used to travel to the advanced industrialized developed countries to take the benefit of advanced medical health care in the hospitals, recently the trend is reversing. As far back as 3,000 BC, people with eye problems made pilgrimage to Tell Brak, Syria, where healing deities were said to perform miracles. Ancient Roman spas that were believed to cure an endless list of ailments still offer hope and relief to bathers today. The World Tourism Organization includes the following in its definition of medical tourism: medical care, sickness and well-being, rehabilitation and recuperation. India is the land of myriad experiences and exotic locales. It is a world of resplendent colours and rich cultural locales, be it magnificent monuments, heritage temples or tombs. The Countrys ancient cultural heritage is inextricably linked to its technology driven present existence. The coexistence of a number of religions and cultures, together with an awe-inspiring topography makes it the perfect place for a complete holiday experience. The Indian medical tourism industry, growing at an annual rate of 30 percent, caters to patients chiefly from the US, Europe, West Asia and Africa. Although in its nascent stage, the industry is outsmarting similar industries of other countries such as Greece, South Africa, Jordan, Malaysia, Philippines and Singapore. In 2006, over medical tourists have visited India and is growing by 15% a year. The medical tourism industry in India is presently earning revenues of $450 million . Encouraged by the incredible pace of growth exhibited by the industry, the Confederation of Indian Industry (C) and McKinsey have predicted that the industry ill grow to earn additional revenue of $2. 2 billion by 2012. India, touted as the favourite destination for information technology majors, is currently emerging as a preferred destination for medical or health tourism. The Government of India, State tourism boards, travel agents, tour operators, hotel companies and private sector hospitals are exploring the medical tourism industry for tremendous opportunities. They are seeking to capitalize on the opportunities by combining the countrys popular leisure tourism with medical tourism. The factors that make India as one of he favorable destination for health tourism starts with low medical cost which is one-tenth of the costs in western countries, for example, a heart surgery costs $ 6,000 in India as against $30,000 in the US, Similarly a bone marrow transplant costs $26,000 in India as compared to $2, 50,000 in the US. Foreign patients throng Indian hospitals to pass up the long waiting lists and queues in their native countries. Globalization has promoted a consumerist culture, thereby promoting goods and services that can feed the aspirations arising from this culture. This has had its effect in the health sector too. There are number of reasons for the growth of the service economy and these can be categorized into three main areas such as: Social trend Demographic trends New services to meet new demands The new services to meet new demand may include the medical tourism. Merging healthcare and tourism an industry has been evolved in many developing countries like Greece, South Africa, Jordan, India, Malaysia, Philippines and Singapore. Medical tourism where foreigners travel abroad in search of low cost, world-class medical treatment is gaining popularity in India. Indias medical tourism industry could yield s much as $3 billion in annual revenue by 2012. Indian government hopes to encourage a budding trade in medical tourism, selling foreigners the idea of traveling to India for low cost but world class medical treatment. According to the confederation of Indian industry India has the potential to attract 1 million tourists per annum, which could contribute to $6 billion to the economy. India must leverage its competitive edge, especially its cost advantage. It is only one fifth of the costs in the west. Cost savings Medical Tourism Industry and India. India has always been a regional health care hub for the health care tourists from he neighboring countries like Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, I-JAE and Maldives ; recently India has emerged as one of the most important Global destination for medical tourism or health care travel. Now international patients from the developed countries like USA, Canada, I-JK, Europe etc. ravel to India for the low- cost medical surgery treatments like knee Joint replacement, total hip replacement, hip resurfacing, weight loss procedures- gastric lap band, RNY gastric bypass, heart procedures, elective surgeries and also for rejuvenation therapies promised by yoga nd Ayurveda. However, a nice blend of top-class medical expertise at attractive prices is helping more and more corporate hospitals in India to lure globa l foreign patients for high end surgeries like organ transplants. As more and more patients from Europe, North America and other affluent nations with very high medical costs and long wait lists look for effective options of immediate, low-cost, affordable treatments, medical health care travel to India is definitely on the cards for most of them and the fast growing Indian corporate health sector is fully geared to meet that need. Medical tourism to India is not Just cost savings or the high standard of medical care facility, but also the waiting time for medical surgery treatment procedures in India is much lower than in any other country. India offers a growing number of private centers of excellence where the quality of care is as good as or better than that of big-city hospitals in the United States or Europe. The medical care sector in India has witnessed an enormous growth in infrastructure in the private and voluntary sector. The private sector, which was very modest in the early stages, has now becoming a flourishing industry quipped with the most modern state of the art technology at its disposal. It is estimated that 75% of healthcare services and investments in India are now provided by the private sector. Health and medical tourism is perceived as one of the fastest growing segments in marketing destination India today. India could earn $2 billion annually and create 60 million new Jobs by subcontracting work from the British National Health Service, the head of Indias largest chain of private http:// ds pace. iimk. ac. in/bitstream/2259/590/11475-484. pdf he Indian economy is set to grow between 7 per cent and 7. per cent in the current fiscal, according to Dr C RangaraJan, Chairman of the Prime Ministers Economic Advisory Council (PMEAC).

30 Idioms About Common Shapes

30 Idioms About Common Shapes 30 Idioms About Common Shapes 30 Idioms About Common Shapes By Mark Nichol Figurative references to circles, squares, and triangles turn up in a variety of familiar expressions. Here’s a list of many of those idioms and their meanings. 1. To be a square peg in a round hole is to be someone who doesn’t fit in a particular environment, or in certain circumstances. 2. To go back to square one is to start over again because of a setback or an impasse. 3. The expression â€Å"Be there, or be square† alludes to often-lighthearted pressure to attend an event or suffer the consequences of being considered conventional and uninteresting. 4–6. To call something square, square something with someone, or square accounts is to agree with another party that neither party owes anything to the other one. 7. To circle around is to move in a circular motion to engage in reconnaissance or to figuratively evaluate a situation. 8. A circular argument is one in which the proposition is assumed to be true. 9. To come (or go) full circle is to figuratively return to one’s starting point. 10. Someone who could fight a circle saw is so tough that the thought of sparring with a deadly power tool does not faze him or her. 11. To say that something doesn’t cut any squares with one means that one refuses to be influenced. 12. To be fair and square is to treat everyone impartially. 13. To look someone square in the eye is to do so directly, indicating honesty. 14. A love, or eternal, triangle is a circumstance in which two people are in love with the same person. 15. To move in the same circles with someone is to have similar tastes and frequent the same locations. 16. Something on the square is done fairly, honestly, and openly. 17. To be out of square is to not be in agreement. 18. To run circles around (or run rings around) someone is to figuratively outcompete him or her to the extent that the other person seems to be standing still. 19. To run around in circles is to figuratively expend much effort with little result because of poor organization or planning. 20. A square answer is an honest one. 21. To square away is to rectify or put in order. 22. A square deal is a fair deal. 23. A square meal is a complete, nutritious set of food servings. â€Å"Three square meals† (often abbreviated to â€Å"three squares†) refers to the traditional daily schedule of breakfast, lunch, and dinner (or supper). 24. To square off is to prepare to fight or compete. 25. To square up is to settle or reconcile. It also means to confront someone or something courageously. 26. To square one’s shoulders is to literally straighten one’s shoulders before undertaking a difficult task or to figuratively prepare oneself for an effort. 27. To attempt to square the circle is to try to do the impossible. 28. To square something with someone means to obtain approval or permission 29. To speak or talk in circles is to discuss an issue or problem repetitively with no progress. 30. A vicious circle (or vicious cycle) is one in which solutions create new problems. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:English Grammar 101: Verb MoodPersonification vs. Anthropomorphism

Degreeless Syste essays

The Gradeless/Degreeless Syste essays In Robert M. Pirsigs Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance, Phaedrus thought of a very clever way to make students work for themselves and not just for a good grade. He wanted students to attend college because they were interested in learning and not just because they needed a degree. Phaedrus thought he could do this by eliminating grades and degrees; it would be a grade less/degreeless system. When looking at this idea hypothetically with a hypothetical student, this system seemed to be fabulous, but when Phaedrus actually applied this idea to his classrooms with real students, it didnt turn out how he had hoped. With the elimination of grades and degrees, Phaedrus believed the hypothetical student would eventually flunk himself out of school and not got back until he was there for the knowledge and not just the grades. He predicted that the student would go to his first few classes out of habit and probably do the assignments in a way he was sort of trained to do them his whole life. Eventually the student would get bored with the class because he wasnt really there for any sort of purpose and would quit going to classes and do the assignments. Then the hypothetical student would eventually take himself out of school. He would flunk himself out. As Phaedrus saw it, this would be better for everyone. The student wasnt there for any real reason so he didnt deserve to be there anyway. He pointed out how a lot of money had been saved and this hadnt affected anyone but the student. All his life the student had been trained with this slave mentality, Phaedrus called it carrot-and-whip grading, a mule mentality which said, If you dont whip me, I wont work (Pirsig 175). This is why the student failed himself out; no one was pushing him to work. The student would go get a job to support himself doing something that he enjoyed. This would satisfy him for a while...

Royal Prerogative Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Royal Prerogative - Essay Example Albeit, Blair sought parliament’s assent for attacking Iraq, it was not mandatory for him to comply with the decision of parliament, in this matter7.The royal prerogative in declaring war was employed by the prime minister8, and this is bestowed by monarchs upon their ministers, without involving parliament9. Tony Blair’s abuse of the power to declare war actuated the MPs to have it removed from the royal prerogative10. Subsequent, to the Iraqi attack, the draft Constitutional Renewal  Bill was proposed, which seeks to reassign to parliament, some of the ministerial powers exercised under the royal prerogative11. In the British Parliamentary system the prime minister is free to act under the royal prerogative, especially in foreign affairs, and this was seen in the war on Iraq12. Blair’s government apparently misled the UK public by stating that Iraq had weapons of mass destruction13. The MPs were allowed a tangible vote, indicating the growing trend to curb governmental powers under the royal prerogative14. Robin Cook, leader of the House of Commons resigned as he was against involvement in Iraq15. Blair ostensibly distorted the facts, in order to attack Iraq16. The judiciary has criticised the use of the royal prerogative to wage war17. Parliament and not the government should decide about engaging in a foreign war18, and Gordon Brown promised to address this shortcoming19. The remedy is to solely empower parliament to decide upon conducting a war20. Andrew Grice, MPs should be awarded Queens historic powers, says Campbell, June 11, 2007, Retrieved on January 1, 2009 from http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/mps-should-be-awarded-queens-historic-powers-says-campbell-452649.html Gary Woodward, Self-inflicted injury: going to war in Iraq, November 22, 2007, Retrieved on January 1, 2009 from http://www.globalcollab.org/Nautilus/australia/apsnet/policy-forum/2007/self-inflicted-injury-going-to-war-in-iraq/ PASC Publishes

How does social reproduction relate to our understanding of the global Essay

How does social reproduction relate to our understanding of the global political economy How is it defined in the context of IPE - Essay Example From an overarching perspective there is the recognition that social reproduction has been situated within the global political economy in hierarchical ways. For instance, Bakker noted, â€Å"social reproduction is not confined to the household, but forms the foundation of Braudel’s hierarchical model of the economy† (Bakker, p. 542). This hierarchical structure is then view in terms of systematic interaction between the different levels. Notably, this view of social reproduction views it as necessarily in a conflicting relationship with the demands or processes of capitalism. One example of such systematic interaction is given in terms of witch hunts. In this way hundreds of women were executed on the grounds that they were witches. Within the context of the political economy this is viewed as a means of the capitalist apparatus reclaiming power. The fundamental recognition in this sense is that as ‘witches’ demonstrated alternative forms of morality, it w as necessary to execute them to reclaim the power of reproduction. Ultimately the extent this systematic interaction is dependent on conscious or unconscious perspectives is contingent on a variety of notions of social reproduction in the political economy. In the context of international political economy social reproduction takes on another mode of interpretation. Social reproduction not only involves the processes of human reproduction, but also the moral and cultural implications tied into these processes. An extensive array of research has examined this in the context of the international economy. Steans & Tepe consider the ways that international political organizations have worked to change the policy regarding specific groups or demographics. Considering one study they note it examines, â€Å"social reproduction, especially through the Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP) development

Darwin Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Darwin - Essay Example So it could be well said that these two articles is contemplating and criticizing Darwin’s intellectual and scientific quality along with his sense to respect theological values. Darwin intelligently investigated about human evolution and he came to a conclusion that God created few animal species and they by natural selection progressed to become humans. Everyone knows the fact that our closest DNA match agrees with apes. The intelligent level and social existence of apes match with human beings on a great level. But in the journal article by Cosans there is a contradiction on the fact where theology entangls with evolution. In this article Cosans put forward the statements mentioned by eminent anatomist Owen, where he suggests that God has no power in the human evolution theory. Considering the journal by Cosans, it cannot be stated that Darwin only concentrated on evolution as a divine process. He studied the subject visiting many earth zones and found that life originated from microorganisms and it went on to evolve into animals and ultimately in to intellectual beings. Darwin here is not prophesying on facts which he has not researched on. He has investigated on organisms like bacteria to apes to understand human evolution. Now in the journal by Cosans ,we can find that Owen retaliates on the fact that human evolution can be seen from a theological perspective.Owen as an anatomists look at the flaws of Darwin’s scientific research conclusion. Darwin here looked at creations and the mystery hidden behind its life and evolutionary process which has morphed them to become animals and later into human being by natural selection Here in this journal titled† Was Darwin a creationist† a question is raised by Cosans whether Darwin itself is adding divinity with evolutionary process or is evolutionary theory with a theological perspective is a

Gdp And Economy Of Less Developed Countries Economics Essay

Gdp And Economy Of Less Developed Countries Economics Essay In the present days world, the economy of less-develop countries is rising. Some people live for their work. Some countries move forward all the time whereas some of them are taking a step backward or staying in the same position as before. What I mean by this is that we have to find equipment for measure domestic economy in each country. Gross domestic product (GDP) measures the output made in the domestic economy, regardless of who owns the production inputs. Furthermore, GDP is the value of net output of the factor of production located in the domestic economy. It can be measured in three equivalent ways: value added in production, factor incomes including profits, or final expenditure. (Begg, Fisher and Dornbusch, 2003:286) Whats more, The evaluation of GDP includes all of changes in market price such as inflation and deflation. In order to abstract from changes in overall price level, another measure of GDP called real GDP is often used. Real GDP is GDP evaluated at the market prices of some base year. For example, if 1990 were chosen as the base year, then real GDP for 1995 is calculated by taking the quantities of all goods and services purchased in 1995 and multiplying them by their 1990 prices. (Cliffsnotes.com, 2009) GDP can define by four parts Market value Securitys last report sale price or its current bid and ask prices. When we measure total production, we must add together the all of productions. In addition, the price as determined by dynamically by buyers and seller in open market also called market price. Final Goods and Services When calculate GDP, we value the final goods and services that are bought by its final user during a specified time period. There are available for purchase by ultimate or intended user with no plan for further physical transformation or as an input in the production of other goods that will be resold. For example, Canon camera is a final good, but a lens of camera is an intermediate good. Produced within a country All Goods and services that are produced within a country, is a part of that countrys GDP. For example, Addias is the German sportswear company that produces t-shirts in Thailand, the market value of those t-shirts is part of Thailands GDP, not part of GDP in Germany. Shiseido, a Japanese cosmetic company, produces some skincare lines in U.S.A, the production of those skincare products is part of GDP in U.S.A, not part of Japan GDP. In a given time period GDP measure the value of production that take place within a specific interval of time. Normally that interval is a year or a quarter but we have no measured GDP per monthly. Furthermore, GDP measures the economys flow of income and expenditure during that interval. The equality between the value of total production and total income is important because it shows the direct link between productivity and living standards. (Parkin, Powell and Matthews, 2008:470) Standard of Living Standard of living using the product or services (level of consumption) by group, the judgment of the observer as presented to what constitutes a high or low scale. The measure most frequently used to estimate standard of living is gross nation income per capita. (Investorwords.com, 2009) So, there are not includes only the equipment articles of consumption but also the number of dependents in the surroundings, family, education, health and social services. On other hand illiteracy, unemployment, low incomes, crowded living condition, drought, war, may bring a drop in the standard of living. For example, industrialized nations tent to have a higher standard of living than developing countries. Besides, Standard of Living, It is also referred to as the level of economic welfare, utility or real income. It refers to the level of material well-being of an individual or household. In economic analysis, the standard of living has been usually held to be determined by the quantities of goo ds and services (including leisure) consumed. (C.S.Nagpal, 2000:324) Real GDP and Standard of living. Economists are required to compare the standard of living between different countries or between difference time periods and estimate the standard of living in a specific year in a particular country by taking the total worth of products and services produced in that country, annually and separating by population. Producing the total value of goods and services is called real Gross Domestic Product, or real GDP. GDP is generally measured in dollars. While the Japanese measure their GDP in yen to dollars. We can trade yen to dollars; we can do such a conversion by using the yen/dollar exchange rate to compare it. When we compare GDP across time, we would like to adjust for inflation, which is a general change in prices. For example, if we produced 100 bags of sugar at a price of $0.50 each last year, and this year we produce 100 bags of sugar at a price of $1.50 each. If we said that our GDP increased three times from $50 to $150 thats mean we were calculating nominal GDP, which is the total dollar value of goods and services. Nominal GDP is a deceptive measure of the standard of living. For the reason that, we produced the same quantities of 100 bags of sugar each year. Whats I mean by this is that real GDP was exactly the same as last year. We adjust nominal GDP for price changes, to arrive at real GDP. We select one year as a base, and we measure price changes relative to that the base year. If last year was the base year, real GDP in the base year was $50. As the price of sugar went up from $0.50 to $1.50, that the price level tripled this year, As a result that our GDP price deflator is 3.0. We can divide nominal GDP in any given year by that years GDP deflator to arrive at real GDP. Hence, we divide $150 by 3.0 to obtain the correct $50 figure for real GDP. Real GDP=Nominal GDP/GDP Deflator Overall, an increase in nominal GDP has two factors. One factor is the increase in real GDP, which raise the average standard of living. The other factor is average inflation, which does not raise the average standard of living. In a financial system with services and goods, the enlargement in the inferred GDP deflator from one year to the next is a measure of average inflation. Inflation is a general increase in the prices of services and goods. Growth in nominal GDP = growth in real GDP plus growth in inflation Averaging standard of living in a country is defined as its real GDP divided by population, or real GDP per capita. This measure of the standard of living is directly related to labor productivity, which is defined as real GDP divided by the total amount of hours worked. Standard of living = real GDP/population Labor productivity = real GDP/hours worked Real GDP/population = (real GDP/hours worked)(hours worked/population) The ratio of hours worked to population the employment ratio. Hence, the standard of living is means to productivity multiplied by the employment ratio. Then, we can increase the standard of living by raising the employment ratio. Nevertheless that is an artifact of the way that GDP only measure goods bought and sold in the market. It does not include vacation and household work. An increase in the employment ratio has to be regarded as a reduction in the quality of life. A good argument can be made that productivity is more closely related to the real quality of life, although the ratio of output to population is commonly used to measure the standard of living. Therefore, it is significant to compare labor productivity across time and across countries than to evaluate the standard of living. In contrast, Employment ratio will mean more people for working-age population to support, if the employment ratio can change because of demographics. The extent output, population and hours work tend to grow geometrically. (Kling Arnold,Ph.D., 2009) Limitations of real GDP when measuring living standard of living Using estimates of real GDP for three main intentions. Economic welfare comparisons over time Economic welfare comparisons across countries Business cycle forecasts Economic welfare comparisons over time Economic welfare is an inclusive measure of the general state of well-being. This will be improve when all the goods and services grows by the production per person. The goods and services that make up real GDP growth are only a part of all items that influence economic welfare. In 2006, because of real GDP growth, real GDP person in the United Kingdom is twice what it was in 1976. But are we twice as well off? (Parkin, Powell and Matthews, 2008:480) It is mean real GDP depends on various factors that are not measured or measured accurate by real GDP. A number of these factors are: Quality Improvements The price indices can measure inflation give an upward-biased estimate of factual inflation. Normally, if we allow too much for rise in price, we take too lightly for growth of real GDP. Household Production The majority of production takes place every day in our home. Washing dishes, using computer and watching television are all examples of the productive activities that not involve market transactions and are not counted as part of GDP. However these activities grew at the same rate as real GDP and these are not measure them would not be problem. Nevertheless it is likely that market production is gradually more replacing household production, which is not part of GDP. Underground Economic Activity The underground economy is out of sight from view by the people operating in it to avoid taxes because the productions are illegal. Whats more, activity is unreported, it is absent from GDP. Health and Life Expectancy A higher real GDP does enable us to spend more on medical research, healthy food, the quality hospital, Leisure Time Leisure time is an economic high-quality that include to our economic welfare. Other factors remaining the same, the better off we are. Working time is valued as a part of GDP, but leisure is not. Environmental Quality Economic influences the quality of environment. Using car, rubbish from industries, the pollution of machine tool. Resources used to protect the environment are valued as a part of GDP. However we are not count the polluted from the atmosphere as a part of GDP. Political Freedom and Social Justice The majority of people evaluate Political Freedom and Social Justice should go to the same direction but in the real situation is not. A country might have a huge GDP but have limited political freedom. On the other hand they might have less social justice. For the example, Chain is the fastest-growing economy but they have limited political freedom. Economic Welfare Comparisons Firstly, the real GDP of one country should be changed into the same currency unit as the real GDP of the other country. Secondly, the same prices must be used to value the good and services in the country being compared. Hence, the real GDP must be use for make international comparisons of economic welfare. However, real GDP comparisons are a major component of international welfare comparisons and two special problems arise in making international comparisons. Business Cycle Forecast If policy makers plan to increase interest rates to slow an expansion that they believe is too strong, they look at the least estimates of real GDP. Business cycles are the irregular fluctuations in total economic activity observed in all developed market economic. Collection economic activity is measure by real GDP, the whole weighted by market prices, of all goods and services produced in an economy. The fluctuation in economic activity measured by real GDP tell business cycle that the economy is in. when real GDP grow, the economy is in a business cycle expansion and when real GDP shrinks, the economy is in a recession. Also, as real GDP fluctuates, so do production ad jobs. But real GDP fluctuations probably exaggerate or overstate the fluctuations in total production and economic welfare. (Parkin, Powell and Matthews, 2008:480-483) How to calculate Nominal GDP and Real GDP Nominal GDP is GDP of country that evaluated at current prices of goods and services. On the other hand, Real GDP is GDP of country that evaluated the value of productions for a given year at base year. For example, an economy producing printers and digital cameras in the year 2005 So, Nominal GDP 2005 = $(P printers * Q digital cameras + P digital cameras * Q printers) *P = Prices, Q = Quantities Table 1.1 GDP Data for 2005 GDP Data for 2008 Item Quantity Price Quantity Price Printers 100 $10.00 150 $30.00 digital camera 150 $30.00 175 $32.00 From the following data in the table 1.1, we can evaluate real GDP by using year 2005 to be as base year So, Real GDP2005 = $ (P2005 printers * Q2005 printers + P2005 digital cameras * Q2005 digital cameras) = $ (10*100 + 30*150) = $ (1,000 + 4,500) = $ 5,500 Then, Real GDP2008 = value of the 2008 quantities at 2005 prices = $ (P2005printers * Q2008printers + P2005digital cameras * Q2008digital cameras) = $ (10*150 + 30*175) = $ (1,500 + 5,250) = $ 6,750 Afterward, Comparing how many percentage that an economy in year 2008 has growth from year 2005 (as base year) So, = $ (6,750 5,500) * 100 = 22.73% $5,500 That is mean, an economy in year 2008, calculated and compared by real GDP measurement, has growth from year 2005 at 22.73 percentages. Generally, higher GDP is seemed to be better than lower GDP because more output produced mean higher potential standard of living. On the other hand, higher GDP doesnt promise that happiness is increasing because GDP often goes up when bad situations happen. For example, this table chart below illustrates the percentages of Singapores GDP and Chinas GDP in 2006-2008. Overall, it is clear that even China has had higher GDP real growth rate than Singapore but Singapore still has had higher GDP per capita than China. That is mean, Singapores standard of living is better than China Standard of living. Table 1.2 Singapore China GDP Real Growth Rate 1.1% (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 175 7.8% (2007 est.) 8.4% (2006 est.) 9% (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 16 13% (2007 est.) 11.6% (2006 est.) GDP per capita (ppp) $ 51,500 (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 9 $ 51,600 (2007 est.) $ 28,500 (2006 est.) $ 6,000 (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 133 $ 5,500 (2007 est.) $ 4,900 (2006 est.) *note : data are in 2008 US dollar Education expenditure 3.7% of GDP (2001) 1.9% of GDP (1999) Labor force 2.94 million country comparison to the world: 103 807.3 million country comparison to the world: 1 Labor force by occupation: Agriculture: 0% Industry: 27.8% Services: 72.2% Agriculture: 43% Industry: 25% Services: 32% Singapore Overviews Economic Singapore has a highly developed and successful free-market economy. It is an outstanding open and corruption-free situation and a per capita GDP higher than that of most developed countries. The economy depend on export, electrics equipment and information technology products. In 2004 and 2007 real GDP growth at about 7% but decreased to 1.1% in 2008. However, Singapores economy is predictable to go a broad-bases slowdown in 2009. The ministry said in a statement. The economy last saw a full year reduction in 2001 when it shrank 2.4 percent. Singapore, a major trading hub and financial center, has been hit by the sharp slowdown in the United States, Japan and Europe, which has also increased to emerging economic such as China and India. China Overviews Economy Chinas economy in the past 30 years has changed from a centrally planned system that was largely closed to international trade to a more market-oriented economy that has a rapidly growing private sector and is a major player in the global economy. Furthermore, the economy still grew by 9.0% in 2008, the highest growth rate among the major economy in the world. (Central Intelligence Agency, 2009) In that case, Singapore is a small country if you will compare landscape and population with China. However, the table 1.2 shows chinas economy seem to be grew up in last three years ago by real GDP growth rate. On the other hand, Singapores economy fluctuated in the same period times. In fact, these are can not measure or summary that Chinas standard of living is better than Singapores standard of living. And also, we can uses the measuring of GDP per capita, is the excellent system, to evaluate which countries have healthy financial system. When measured at the table chart that found Singapores GDP per capita in 2008 stood at $ 51,500, among the highest in the world. In contrast, Chinas GDP per capita in 2008 stood at $ 6,000. The reasons for this are Singapores standard of living is better than China because Singapores peoples earn more. Therefore, they could spend their money for quality products and services. In conclusion, GDP or Gross Domestic Product is the summary of produced good and services in the country during a given period. Whats more, GDP is measure by using the expense and income totals in the circular flow model of the expense and income. Real GDP or Real Gross Domestic Products is used to compare an economy between countries during times period as a given based year. Furthermore, Real GDP is not perfect interpretation of economic welfare. However, this measurement is rather useful for comparing the standard of living between countries and also providing the history of the economic growth of those countries. Real GDP is showed by the percentage change in the value of production is year base on an average of the prices in the current year and the previous year. On the other, this measurement does not include household and underground production, environmental damage and the value of health, leisure time and political freedom. In addition, Real GDP across a number of years is used for measuring economic growth.

Feminists, Stereotypes and Stereotyping in the Media Essay -- Feminism

Feminists and Media Stereotypes      Ã‚   The media portrays feminists in unflattering ways. Largely because of the media portrayal, the word 'feminist' usually evokes images of crass, butch, men-hating, very masculine women. Many women believe in the feminist doctrine, but they would never consider themselves as a feminist because they cannot relate to the images of crass, butch, men-hating, masculine women.   In fact, it has only been within the past year that I've been able to accept the fact that I am a feminist and that my preconceived images of feminists are merely media stereotypes.    I'm now able to admit I care more about my own rights than whether or not someone will assume I fit the media stereotype of a feminsit. Feminism is the belief in the social, political, and economic equality of the sexes. One doesn't have to hate men, refuse to wear dresses, or be homosexual to be a feminist. Feminism isn't about male bashing, but rather about equality. Now I can (and do) admit freely that I'm a feminist. People may think that means I'm lesbian. They may think that means I hate men. They may think I have some sort of secret agenda. They can be as misinformed or stereotypical as they chose, I just want equal rights.      Yet now I have to wonder why those stereotypes exist and where they stemmed from. Were early feminists "butch" man haters? No. Early accounts from women and men of the time prove otherwise.    *   ... the 1848 Seneca Falls convention for a female Bill of Rights provoked editorials about "unsexed   women"...which insinuated that they had become activists because "they were too repulsive to find a   husband....These women are entirely devoid of personal attractions."...When a supporter, Senato... ...lifetimetv.com/shows/specials/changingface/illusions2.html Life Time Entertainment Services. 2000 Changing Face of Beauty: Models http://www.lifetimetv.com/shows/specials/changingface/models.html Life Time Entertainment Services. 2000 Changing Face of Beauty: Views. "Sela Ward" http://www.lifetimetv.com/shows/specials/changingface/views5b.html Life Time Entertainment Services. 2000 Changing Face of Beauty: Views. "Maricia Gillespie" http://www.lifetimetv.com/shows/specials/changingface/views.html Life Time Entertainment Services. 2000 Douglas, Susan J. Where the Girls Are: Growing Up Female with the Mass Media. New York: Random House Publishing, 1994, 278. Starr, Bernard. IT AIN'T JUST PAINT:AGING AND THE MEDIA  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.longevityworld.com/justpaint.html. 1997 Wolff, Naomi. The Beauty Myth. New York: Doubleday Publishing, 1991   

Narrative, Genre and representation of The Thomas Crown Affair

I have chosen to analyse â€Å"The Thomas Crown Affair† because the film has inspired me to indulge in life and make the most of the one life you get. For a film to inspire this it must be powerful and I want to analyse this film to really see how it can change people's lives and especially mine. As this was produced in the United States and being a popular film, I could tell this is Major. My Auntie works as an Administrator in the British Board of Film Classification, which means she sometimes gets free videos and gives some to me and that's how I found out about this film. Pierce Brosnan made it more enjoyable to watch because I've seen him act before and was impressed by his acting, but Rene Russo I had never even heard of until the film. The genre of the film is a hybrid between a comedy and crime because the absurd parts are humorous and the narrative is a detective crime. The iconography and the camera shots had a detective feel as well, for example, when it zoomed onto the bench and then panned up to where the painting was stolen. â€Å"Not quite as pleasurable, or guilt-inducing, as the first telling of the same story.† said Joe Rusly Which I think is absurd. In 1968 the film Thomas Crown Affair was made so this was the original one and then in 1999 it was remade and to me it's much better than the old one and even the rating has gone up by 7%. The narrative is basically a bored millionaire who decides to live his life on the edge and stages a multimillion dollar bank heist, but falls in love with an insurance investigator (from the victim bank) who suspects him of the crime. This narrative is obviously not a clichà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½; it's original with a twist to it. â€Å"Those expecting a caper flick will be bored to tears by the film's sluggish pace, and will be chilled by the icy chemistry between the stars.† according to a web site called www.rottentomatos.com, and I also agree myself. Nevertheless, there is a modest amount of suspense, for example, when Thomas Crown throws a painting into a bomb fire whilst the woman detective is watching and the detective and audience wonder whether that is the stolen painting. The narrative is elegant but mind twisting which is the reason I watched over and over again until I had got it, and believe me it's not sudden. The whole thing was believable but it did cross my mind that there were a lot of coincidences, for example, when the detective finds a secret painting stack the first time. The camera shots and mise-en-scene had an extensive amount of scenes and the camera shots were changing at a fast pace, in which case you could argue that it speeded up the enigma. This all made it hard to predict what was going to happen and prevents it from becoming predictable. The beginning and end were particularly entertaining with the music called Never Change and Sinnerman by Nina Simone. Combining this with the visual rhythm tic scenes is incredibly enjoyable and upbringing. The closure was closed because the woman detective went off with the so-called â€Å"Crown† in a private jet and disappeared into the horizon with the sun setting. The connotations of the horizon and sun set were that it was a contented forever-lasting relationship. The characters were believable every day people you would see if you were in New York. They were very realistic characters with authenticity. The woman was represented very stereotypically with the men complimenting her and she was always posing just so the men could talk about her behind her back. The protagonists were foreigners and they would speak in their own language and if not dreadful English. Everybody knows that all stars have make-up and special lighting to compose their look in a high-quality way. It has a big effect on the film because nobody wants to watch and old tatty film they want to see an effort has been made. The message of the film is to indulge in life and do whatever needs doing to get that thing, in this case it's the woman. If you've got the money spend, enjoy yourself, there is no point saving all that money when you only get one life, so make the most of it just like Thomas crown does. The targeted audience is middle-aged men and the odd 14-year-old boy wouldn't get hung over if he did watch it. People who believe they can get rich or even people who can be inspired would want to watch this film. The Narrative had met my expectations even if it did take three or four times to figure how his plan worked. It was surprisingly good and there was not one thing I didn't like, the music to the star appeal I got pleasure from.

The French-Indian War in America

The French-Indian War in America The French-Indian War was fought between Britain and  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹Ã¢â‚¬â€¹France, along with their respective colonists and allied Indian groups, for control of land in North America. Occurring from 1754 to 1763, it helped trigger – and then formed part of ​the Seven Years War. It has also been called the fourth French-Indian war, because of three other early struggles involving Britain, France, and Indians. Historian Fred Anderson has called it the â€Å"most important event in eighteenth-century North America†. (Anderson, ​​The Crucible of War, p. xv).​ Note Recent histories, such as Anderson and Marston, still refer to the native peoples as ‘Indians’ and this article has followed suit. No disrespect is intended. Origins The age of European overseas conquest had left Britain and France with ​territory in North America. Britain had the ‘Thirteen Colonies’, plus Nova Scotia, while France ruled a vast area named ‘New France’. Both had frontiers which pushed against each other. There had been several wars between the two empires in the years preceding the French-Indian war – King William’s War of 1689–97, Queen Anne’s War of 1702-13 and  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹King George’s War of 1744 – 48, all American aspects of European wars – and tensions remained. By 1754 Britain controlled nearly one and a half million colonists, France around only 75,000 and expansion was pushing the two closer together, increasing the stress. The essential argument behind the war was which nation would dominate the area? In the 1750s tensions rose, especially in the Ohio River Valley and Nova Scotia. In the latter, where both sides claimed large areas, the French had built what the British considered illegal forts and had worked to incite French-speaking colonists to insurrection against their British rulers. The Ohio River Valley The Ohio River Valley was considered a rich source for the colonists and strategically vital because the French needed it for effective communications between the two halves of their American empire. As Iroquois influence in the region declined, Britain tried to use it for trade, but France began building forts and evicting the British. In 1754 Britain decided to build a fort at the forks of the river Ohio, and they sent a 23-year-old Lieutenant Colonel of the Virginian militia with a force to protect it. He was George Washington. French forces seized the fort before Washington arrived, but he carried on, ambushing a French detachment, killing French Ensign Jumonville. After trying to fortify and receiving limited reinforcements, Washington was defeated by a French and Indian attack led by Jumonville’s brother and had to retreat out of the valley. Britain responded to this failure by sending regular troops to the thirteen colonies to supplement their own forces and, while a formal declaration didn’t happen until 1756, war had begun. British Reverses, British Victory Fighting took place around the Ohio River Valley and Pennsylvania, around New York and Lakes George and Champlain, and in Canada around Nova Scotia, Quebec and Cape Breton. (Marston, The French Indian War, p. 27). Both sides used regular troops from Europe, colonial forces, and Indians. Britain initially fared badly, despite having many more colonists on the ground. French forces showed a much better understanding of the type of warfare North America required, where the heavily forested regions favored irregular/light troops, although French commander Montcalm was skeptical of non-European methods, but used them out of necessity. Britain adapted as the war progressed, lessons from early defeats leading to reforms. Britain was helped by the leadership of William Pitt, who further prioritized the war in America when France began to focus resources on war in Europe, trying for targets in the Old World to use as bargaining chips in the New. Pitt also gave some autonomy back to the colonists and began to treat them on an equal footing, which increased their co-operation. The British could marshal superior resources against a France wracked with financial problems, and the British navy mounted successful blockades and, after the Battle of Quiberon Bay on November 20th, 1759, shattered France’s ability to operate in the Atlantic. Growing British success and a handful of canny negotiators, who managed to deal with the Indians on a neutral footing despite the prejudices of the British command, lead to Indians siding with the British. Victories were won, including the Battle of the Plains of Abraham where the commanders of both sides – the British Wolfe and the French Montcalm – were killed, and France defeated. The Treaty of Paris The French Indian War effectively ended with the surrender of Montreal in 1760, but warfare elsewhere in the world prevented a peace treaty being signed until 1763. This was the Treaty of Paris between Britain, France, and Spain. France handed over all its North American territory east of the Mississippi, including the Ohio River Valley, and Canada. Meanwhile, France also had to give the Louisiana territory and New Orleans to Spain, who gave Britain Florida, in return for getting Havana back. There was opposition to this treaty in Britain, with groups wanting the West Indies sugar trade from France rather than Canada. Meanwhile, Indian anger over British actions in post-war America led to an uprising called Pontiac’s Rebellion. Consequences Britain, by any count, won the French-Indian war. But in doing so it had altered and further pressurized its relationship with its colonists, with tensions arising from the numbers of troops Britain had tried to call upon during the war, as well as the reimbursement of war costs and the way Britain handled the whole affair. In addition, Britain had incurred greater yearly expenditure on garrisoning an enlarged area, and it tried to recoup some of these debts by greater taxes on the colonists. Within twelve years the Anglo-Colonist relationship had collapsed to the point where the colonists rebelled and, aided by a France eager to upset its great rival once more, fought the American War of Independence. The colonists, in particular, had gained great experience of fighting in America.

Molodova I - Paleolithic Mammoth Bone Hut in Ukraine

Molodova I - Paleolithic Mammoth Bone Hut in Ukraine The Middle and Upper Paleolithic site of Molodova (sometimes spelled Molodovo) is located on the Dniester River in the Chernovtsy (or Chernivtsi) province of Ukraine, between the Dniester river and the Carpathian mountains. Molodova I has five Middle Paleolithic Mousterian occupations (called Molodova 1-5), three Upper Paleolithic occupations and one Mesolithic occupation. The Mousterian components are dated to 44,000 RCYBP, based on charcoal radiocarbon from a hearth. Microfauna and palynological data connect the layer 4 occupations with Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3 (ca 60,000-24,000 years ago). Archaeologists believe that the stone tool strategies appear to be either Levallois or transitional to Levallois, including points, simple side scrapers and retouched blades, all of which argues that Molodova I was occupied by Neanderthals using a Mousterian tradition tool kit. Artifacts and Features at Molodova I Artifacts from the Mousterian levels at Molodova include 40,000 flint artifacts, including over 7,000 stone tools. The tools are characteristic of typical Mousterian, but lack bifacial forms. They are blades with marginal retouch, retouched side-scrapers and retouched Levallois flakes. Most of the flint is local, from the Dniester river terrace. Twenty-six hearths were identified at Molodova I, varying in diameter from 40x30 centimeters (16x12 inches) to 100x40 cm (40x16 in), with ashy lenses varying from 1-2 cm thick. Stone tools and burned bone fragments were recovered from these hearths. Approximately 2,500 mammoth bones and bone fragments have been recovered from Molodova I layer 4 alone. Living at Molodova The Middle Paleolithic level 4 covers 1,200 square meters (about 13,000 square feet) and includes five areas, including a pit filled with bones, an area with engraved bones, two concentrations of bones and tools, and a circular accumulation of bones with tools in its center. Recent studies (Demay in press) have focused on this last feature which was originally characterized as a mammoth bone hut. However, recent re-investigations of mammoth bone settlements in central Europe have confined the use dates to between 14,000-15,000 years ago: if this was a mammoth bone settlement (MBS), it is older by some 30,000 years than the majority of the others: Molodova currently represents the only Middle Paleolithic MBS discovered to date. Because of the discrepancy in dates, scholars have interpreted the ring of bones as either a hunting blind, a natural accumulation, a circular symbolic ring bound to Neanderthal beliefs, a wind break for a long term occupation, or the result of humans returning to the area and pushing away the bones from the living surface. Demay and colleagues argue that the structure was purposefully built as protection from cold climate in an open environment and, along with the pit features, that makes Molodova an MBS. The ring of bones measured 5x8 meters (16x26 feet) inside and 7x10 m (23x33 ft) externally. The structure included 116 complete mammoth bones, including 12 skulls, five mandibles, 14 tusks, 34 pelves and 51 long bones. The bones represent at least 15 individual mammoths, and included both male and female, both adults and juveniles. Most of the bones appear to have been intentionally selected and assembled by Neanderthals to build a circular structure. A large pit located 9 m (30 ft) from the circular structure contained the majority of non-mammoth bones from the site. But, most importantly, mammoth bones from the pit and dwelling structure have been linked as coming from the same individuals. The bones in the pit show cut marks from butchering activities. Molodova and Archaeology Molodova I was discovered in 1928, and first excavated by I.G. Botez and N. N. Morosan between 1931 and 1932. A.P. Chernysch continued excavations between 1950 and 1961, and again in the 1980s. Detailed site information in English has only recently become available. Sources This glossary entry is a part of the About.com guide to Middle Paleolithic, and the Dictionary of Archaeology. Demay L, PÃ ©an S, and Patou-Mathis M. in press. Mammoths used as food and building resources by Neanderthals: Zooarchaeological study applied to layer 4, Molodova I (Ukraine). Quaternary International(0). Meignen, L., J.-M. Genest, L. Koulakovsaia, and A. Sytnik. 2004. Koulichivka and its place in the Middle-Upper Paleolithic transition in eastern Europe. Chapter 4 in The Early Upper Paleolithic Beyond Western Europe, P.J. Brantingham, S.L. Kuhn, and K. W. Kerry, eds. University of California Press, Berkeley. Vishnyatsky, L.B. and P.E. Nehoroshev. 2004. The beginning of the Upper Paleolithic on the Russian Plain. Chapter 6 in The Early Upper Paleolithic Beyond Western Europe, P.J. Brantingham, S.L. Kuhn, and K. W. Kerry, eds. University of California Press, Berkeley.

Self improvement plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Self improvement plan - Essay Example I practice each grammar point until I can be able to use it easily. I will search for a book that has grammar exercises and answers. Online quizzes and activities will also be helpful. I will be focusing on a particular grammar point every time I study. Thirdly, I will be concentrating on grammar when reading the newspaper every morning. I will have to understand the reason why each sentence has been written in a certain way. Whenever I come across a sentence, I will be asking myself if I am to make the same sentences. When challenged, I will find exercises from textbooks for the grammar points and practice. Lastly, I will read and practice. The more I read, the better will be my vocabulary and grammar. If possible, I will be reading aloud; will help in listening to correct grammar as I read. I will also watch television at times more so what I am really interested in with BBC being a great

Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Business - Essay Example From the very beginning of transport industry development, there was a need to regulate this sphere of human activity. There is a necessity to develop new regulations in transport industry covering peculiarities of a modern society’s development. Therefore, the government is responsible for regulations in transport industry, because it is an integral part of any society. Public interests are protected under conditions of governmental regulations of transport industry. In case development of transport industry is protected by economical regulations and governmental protection, then public interest is in safety. Modern transport regulations are developed with regard to economical factors. Unfortunately, there is a lack of considerations about social and environmental factors. Consequently, it is necessary to consider properly about environmentally health vehicles development and exploitation. There is a direct connection between transport environmental safety and human health. M odern manufacturers often neglect this fact and their main goal is to gain profits hand over fist. This point should be corrected and regulated in favor of humans and public interest. A modern look on regulation in transport industry Regulation is developed in order to â€Å"balance concerns for the public interest within a competitive framework driven by private enterprise† (Coyle, 20011). ... is put on a truck at some point. As a result, the trucking industry hauled 68.9% of all the tons of freight transported in the United States in 2003, equating to 9.1 billion tons† (The trucking industry). If to suppose that all regulations are based on a common law principle: â€Å"Businesses affected with the public interest† (Coyle, 2011), then a central focus on societal and individual needs should prevail. Thus, a modern paradigm of transport industry regulations is anthropocentric and focused on public interest. In spite of the fact that there are numerous regulations in transport industry, such as Aviation and Transportation Security Act (2001), Creates Transportation Security Agency (TSA), Maritime Transportation Security Act (2002), Homeland Security Act of 2002 etc, there is a need to focus on deregulation acts. There is such kind of deregulation acts, as 4R Act (1976), Airline Deregulation Act (1977), Motor Carrier Act and Staggers Rail Act (1980) and others. T hus, economic regulations are violated in trucking industry. Surface Transportation Board (STB) is responsible for all surface mode regulation. Nevertheless, railroads are deregulated as well as air carrier industry, water carriers and pipelines. In order to protect public interests, there is a need to introduce anti-trust laws. In the transportation industry there is especially important social factor. Transportation industry is significant for social unity and economic and national defense of the country is on behalf of this industry. Transportation industry requires essential capital investments and different resources allocation (Martland, 1997). STB regulation of modes considers the following issue: to protect advantage of each mode. The development of

Henri Lefebvre Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Henri Lefebvre - Essay Example These critiques of the city were the basis for Lefebvre's investigation of the cultural construction of stereotypical notions of cities, of nature and of regions" (Shields, 2002). Within his writings, Lefebvre brought attention to the tendency of academia to place too much emphasis upon the classification of studies as being psychology, sociology, archaeology or geography among others, that all had as their end goal a study and understanding of space and other human geography issues. In analysing city life, Lefebvre argued 'everydayness' or banality is a soul-destroying feature of modernity and extended Marx's analysis of this concept by discovering new forms of alienation within the city. According to this view, consumption is part of the result of a failure to recognize this alienated state on the part of the modern consumer, which Lefebvre called the 'mystification' of consciousness (Shields, 2002). This early work influenced Walter Benjamin's Marxist analysis of culture as well as reflecting Le Bon's work on crowds and the furtherance of psycho-geography. In discussing space, Lefebvre delineated three key components of the urban lifestyle. These components include the perceived space of everyday social life that was predominantly ignored by professional life, the conceived space of cartographers and planners who work to segregate portions of land out to particular private owners within the capitalistic society, and lived space which exists in the imagination of the fully human individual who keeps it alive through accessibility to the arts and humanities. "This 'third' space not only transcends but has the power to refigure the balance of popular 'perceived space' and the 'conceived space' of arrogant professionals and greedy capitalists" (Shields, 2002). This conceptual space, as opposed to material space, is considered by Lefebvre to be of much greater significance to the shaping of the individual as is shown in the comment: "space as directly lived through its associated images and symbols, and hence the space of 'inhabitants' and 'users'... This is the dominated...space which the imagination seeks to change and appropriate. In terms of organized society, Lefebvre indicated this conscious awareness of these representational spaces as illuminated through art and the humanities was the only way in which Utopia could be reached. Within the French society of the interwar period, Lefebvre pointed to the dystopian malaise of his fellow countrymen as they struggled through periods of famine and industrial transition as well as the later society in which the urban landscape changed the rural nature of his homeland to develop his rhythm analysis. Through this analysis of the 'everyday' life of the city, Lefebvre indicates that the increases in speed seen through our advances in technology have quickened the tempo of the 'everyday', making it harder to keep up with both the changing rhythms of the city as well as the changing dynamics of the individual within that city. This model of modern concrete spaces and their interrelationship with the conceptual interior spaces that have been defined within the modern context have helped human geographers to further